This voltage-controlled oscillator circuit is very compact and has a good linearity. The author said that the precision could be better than 0. 01% If this circuit is properly constructed. Moreover, this circuit gives three different output waveforms: square, triangle, and sawtooth. This three waveform is important for music synthesizer and measure
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
ment devices. Here is the circuit`s schematic diagram: The oscillator consist of a mixer (U1) and a comparator with hysteresis U2. if U2 has positive output ( 15V) then FET Q1 will be conducting, and if the output is negative then the FET will be open, in other words, the FET will function as an electronic switch. The voltage at pin 2 U1 will be kept constant at 1/3 Vin (set by R3 R4) by op-amp feedback mechanism. If Q1 is switched off then the capacitor C1 will be charged from Vin to U1 out through R1 and R2. The effect of this charging is that the voltage seen at U1 (pin 6) output will increase. After this pin 6 U1 voltage reach the upper threshold of U2 Schmidt trigger (the hysteresis is set by R6 R7), the U2 output will swing to V and switch on the Q1 switch. After Q1 switched on, the capacitor C1 current now reverse it`s direction, discharging, and the U1 output will be decreasing. After reaching the lower threshold level of U2 Schmidt trigger then U2 output will swing to V-, switch the Q1 off and the restart the cycle. The sawtooth output will be a triangle wave with same frequency as the square wave output when SW1 is open. If SW1 is closed then the C1 capacitor discharging will be very fast and the triangle output will change into sawtooth waveform with two times higher frequency. The amplitude of sawtooth or triangle output will be about ( -) 8. 3V, and the square output will be ( -) 15 V. Except for R5, R9, and...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: