The NP-100v12 is a simple headphone amplifier that allows an entry level builder to experience assembling and listening to their own creation. I use the term builder as electronic experience combined with innovation which allows the creation of a device, rather than simple board stuffing. This amplifier can take on many shapes and sizes; I especia
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lly like when builders reuse older devices as cases and even recycle some components from various discarded power supplies. I try to keep price at a minimum because this amplifier is very basic and allows the builder to seek out theory, and actually "listen" to their music, and grow to build more complex projects in the future. There are plenty of wonderful websites out there that can explain tube theory, I learned from the US Navy NEETS module 6. I will not go to in depth into the theory, but will introduce you to the 12AU7 (known in Europe as ECC82). The 12AU7 (ECC82) is a Twin Triode vacuum tube, it is very popular in the audio world because it is rather rugged and can be operated at lower voltages. You will find these tubes in vintage amplifiers and organs. They are even used in older vacuum tube volt meters and their life span can reach into decades. The 12AU7 has an amplification factor ( µ) of about 17, this is moderate as compared to its cousin the 12AX7 that comes in at 100. For purpose of the NP-100v12 the 12AU7 tube will be used in a common cathode configuration, and the incoming signal will be amplified by approximately 10dB. The 12AU7 is usually operated at plate voltages of over 120 volts, but fortunately it can be operated at lower voltages with decent results. As you see in the load lone graph below, we will operate in the 6 volt region. 6 volts allows enough "swing" for the signal to reach 12 volts and down...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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