Thomas Edison developed the incandescent light bulb, which operated from a 110 volt DC source. The primary drawback to DC power was that it could only be distributed over short distances without having to be regenerated. In the early 1900s when Nicoli Tesla was working for Westinghouse, he and Westinghouse found a solution to this problem by developing the
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first alternating current (AC) generating systems. These systems were advanced over Edison`s DC system, facilitating the transmission of AC power over very long distances. Tesla determined AC power alternating at 60 cycles per second (60 Hertz) to be the most efficient; therefore the Westinghouse systems generated 60Hz AC power. Tesla further believed that 220 volts was the preferred voltage. Due to Edison`s large investment in DC power, he attempted to thwart the advancement of AC power. Edison campaigned that it was unsafe, especially at 220 volts. To win governmental approval, Westinghouse conceded to Edison`s 110 volt standard. Therefore, 110 volts, 60Hz became the early standard for the United States and Canada. Today, the standard single-phase voltages are 120, 208 or 240 volts, with 120 volts at 60Hz found in the wall outlet of homes and offices across North America. Shortly after Tesla`s pioneering work in AC power systems, the AEG Company located in Germany developed its own AC power systems. They originally adopted the 110 voltage, but decided to generate the power at 50Hz because the number 60 did not fit the metric standard. They later decided on a 220 volt standard as they discovered it was more efficient. Since AEG was a large monopoly, their standards quickly spread throughout Europe, with the exception of Britain which did not adopt the European standards until the end of World War II. Today the standard...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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