We select the so called phase shift oscillator as a first example as it exemplifies verysimply the principles set forth in the previous blog post. The circuit is drawn to show clearly the amplifier and feedback network. The circuit consists of a common source FET amplifier followed by a three section R-C phase shift network. The amplifier stage i
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
s self-biased with a capacitor bypassed source resistor Rs and a drain bias resistance RD. The output of the last section is supplied back to the gate. If the loading of the phase-shift network on the amplifier can be assumed to be negligible, a phase shift of 180 ° between the amplified output voltage Vout and the input voltage Vin at the gate is produced by the amplifier itself. The three-section R-C phase shift network produces an additional phase shift, which is a function of frequency and equals 180 ° at some frequency of operation. At this frequency the total phase shift from the gate around the circuit and back to gate will be exactly zero. This particular frequency will be the one at which the circuit will oscillate provided that the magnitude of the amplification is sufficiently large. In a FET phase-shift oscillator voltage series feedback [that is, feedback voltage proportional to the output voltage Vout and supplied in series with the input signal at the gate is used. The frequency of the oscillator output depends upon the values of capacitors C and re sistors R used in the phase shift network. Using basic RC circuit analysis technique, it can be shown that the network phase shift is 180 ° when The frequency can be adjusted over a wide range if variable capacitors are used. As well as phase shifting, the R-C network attenuates the amplifier output. Network analysisshows that when the necessary phase shift of...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: