Servo motor control


Posted on Feb 5, 2014

A servo motor is a special geared DC motor equipped with an electronic circuit for controlling the direction of rotation, as well as the position, of the motor shaft. Because servo motors allows precise angular positioning of their output shaft, they are used extensively in robotics and radio-controlled cars, airplanes, and boats to control the mo


Servo motor control
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tion of their various parts. In this lab session, we will first explore what a servo motor consists of and how it works and then illustrate how to interface it with a PIC microcontroller. A servo motor (or servo) is a little box that contains a DC motor, an output shaft (servo arm) which is connected to the motor through a series of gears, and an electronic circuit to control the position of the shaft. The objective of using a servo is to achieve precise angular positioning of an object. In order to accomplish a servo function, an instantaneous positioning information of the output shaft is fed back to the control circuit using a transducer. A simplest way of doing this is by attaching a potentiometer to the output shaft or somewhere in the gear train. The control electronics compares the feedback signal (which contains the current position of the shaft) from the potentiometer to the control input signal (which contains information of the desired position of the shaft), and any difference between the actual and desired values (known as an error signal) is amplified and used to drive the DC motor in a direction necessary to reduce or eliminate the error. The error is zero when the output shaft gets to the desired position. The functioning block diagram of a typical servomotor is shown below. The control input to a servo is a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal, generally of frequency 50 Hz. This means the pulse should repeat...




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