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and opamp generate hyperbolic sine transfer function with response matching ideal curve within 0. 7%. Technique permits setting powers and roots at fractional as well as integer values. Converter shown is set for exponent of 3. 2. Choice of amplifier gain and ref erence voltage scales response for given input and output signal levels. Article gives design equations. -J. Graeme, Sinh Generator Boasts 0. 7% Error, END Magazine, Aug. 5, 1978, p 70 and 72. (View) Opamp is used as tuned circuit driven by square wave from yoltage comparator Frequeny is controlled by R1-R3, C1, and C2, with R3 providing tuning. Comparator is fed with resulting sine wave to obtain square wave for feedback to input of tuned circuit, to cause oscillation. Zener stabifizes amplitude of square wave that is fed back. R6 and C5 provide DC negative feedback around com arator to ensure starting. Values of C1 and C2 are equal, and range from 0. 4 F for 18 80Hz to 0. 002 F for 4. 4-20 kHz. ``Easily Tuned Sine Wave Oscillator, ³National Semiconducotor, Santa Clara, CA, 1971, LB-16. (View) Uses National SK0003 sine/cosine look-up table kit consisting of four MOS ROMs and three output adders. Combination implements equation sin =sin M cos L + cos M sin L. Worst-case error is 1 5/8 bits in least significant bit. Cosine is approximated with loss in resolution of1/2 bit in 11-bit input or1/4 bit in 10-bit input. - Memory Databook, National Semiconductor, Santa...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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