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es temperature-sensitive diode as the temperature-measurement element. It is mainly made up of the A/D converter 7107, operational amplifier LM324, 3-digit LED display circuit and temperature-sensitive diode and so on. It features high accuracy, good stability, versatility, ease of use and so on. Its temperature measurement range is 0ƒ~100ƒ with accuracy ±1ƒ. The voltage follower, which is made up of the operational amplifier A1, supply power for the A/D converter integrated circuit IC2 and the temperature sampling circuit separately to reduce the interaction between them. The semiconductor transistor VT1 and R1, R2, R3 supply stable bias current for the temperature-sensitive diode VD1. (View) This circuit`s output voltage Vo`s temeratrue sensitivity is 10mV/ °C. The resistance R is current-limit resistance. The capacitor C is used to improve the stability of the circuit. When the test position and the result-reading position have a far distance, the wire resistance`s voltage drop would cause some extent measuring errors. (View) The resistance in the cirtuit is metal film one. Itsaccuracy is better than 1% and temperature coefficient TCis less than ±50X10-6/K. The measuring range is from0ƒ to 100ƒ. Current I= 4+T/6. 25. The temperate unit is ƒ and the current unit is mA. The current shows KTY87two-wire current transmitter consisting of Wheatstone bridge with pre-amplifier, current transmitter stage and voltage regulator....
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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