This circuit was in EDN`s `design ideas` section in the March 5, 2007 issue. It`s a fairly simple circuit and an easy way to investigate how the inductance of a toroid (or any core) is changed by saturation, which in this case is caused by applying a current to a secondary winding. With this circuit, the oscillator frequency is a function of the co
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ntrolling current and so it can be used to measure current without direct ohmic connection to the circuit. I originally used 16 turns on an FT37-43 toroid for about 100uH, but it wouldn`t oscillate until I increased supply voltage from 5 to about 12 volts, and applying the measurement current would stop oscillation. The frequency was over 150kHz. I did a new coil using a slightly larger FT37-43 with 50+ turns to give 1. 63mH. I wound four turns onto the toroid for the measurement winding. Frequency would move around (rise) after each adjustment, either due to some time constant or because current was changing below the 0. 4 A-t level. (100mA on the meter times four turns. ) Supply voltage was 5. 07 VDC. In some cases it seems to do better with higher supply voltage. The article hinted that this technique wouldn`t be repeatable enough for an accurate current measurement technique. That`s probably true. For order-of-magnitude measurements or detection of overcurrent, it would be fine. It could also be used in a feedback loop (PLL) to control frequency using current and inductance as opposed to the traditional varactor method. This measurement could also be used to infer the inductance (and permeability) changes with current. In my example, 4 ampere-turns approximately doubled the frequency. Since frequency is proportional to the square root of inductance, the inductance was reduced by a factor of four (4).
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