A pre-requisite for this article is that you have the GCC AVR programming environment installed as described in my `Programming the AVR microcontroller with GCC, libc 1. 0. 4` article. If you want to avoid troubles with the installation you can of course use the AVR programming CD from When you use such an advanced device as a microcontroller
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
to measure analog or digital signals then you want of course interfaces to evaluate the data or send commands to the microcontroller. In all the articles presented here in the past we always used rs232 communication with the UART that is included in the microcontroller. The problem is that this requires an additional MAX232 chip and 4 extra capacitors. Atmel suggests also that an external crystal osciallator is required for the UART communication to work reliably. In any case it is a lot of extra parts. and we can avoid them! The amount of data to transfer between PC and microcontroller is usually very small (just a few bytes). Speed it therefore no issue at all. This makes the I2C bus/protocol suitable for this task. I2C (prounouce "eye-square-see") is a two-wire bidirectional communication interface. It was invented by Philips and they have protected this name. This is why other manufacturers use a different name for the same protocol. Atmel calls I2C "two wire interface" (TWI). Many of you might already be using I2C on their PCs without knowing it. All modern motherboards have an I2C bus to read temperatures, fan speed, information about available memory. all kind of hardware information. This I2C bus is unfortunately not available on the outside of the PC (there is no physical connector). Therefore we will have to invent something new. The datasheet of the Atmega8 (see references) has actually a very detailed...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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