Learn how to build h-bridges from many on- and off-line resources. After all these circuits are not terribly complicated. Some of those resources are good, some are not so much. However when I`ve started working with them, I`ve realized that many of my experiences were not documented and some of the things I`ve learned seemed to be missing
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from those descriptions. So I decided to write down what I`ve learned and try to organize that description into an easy to understand yet comprehensive structure. This work started off as a three-part series I`ve written, while developing the µModule H-bridge. While the current material is based on those articles, it corrects many errors and is expanded and updated greatly. My intention is to cover more ground than most articles I`ve seen on the subject. While I don`t expect the you, dear reader, to be familiar with h-bridges or motors controllers in general, I do build upon basic electrical circuit understanding. So if you don`t know what a resistor, an inductor or a capacitor is, if you don`t understand at least the basics of time- and frequency-domain circuit analysis, you`re not reading the right article. You probably won`t be able to follow the discussion. But if you`re interested in motor control background information, if you want to understand the reasons behind design decisions, if you want to gain deeper knowledge not just in the h-bridges, but in what goes on before and after them, you have found your place. The switching elements (Q1. Q4) are usually bi-polar or FET transistors, in some high-voltage applications IGBTs. Integrated solutions also exist but whether the switching elements are integrated with their control circuits or not is not relevant for the most part for this discussion. The diodes (D1. D4) are...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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