Repository-circuits
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This multimeter was designed to measure output voltage and current in a PSU, where the current sense shunt resistor is connected in series with load at the negative voltage rail. It needs only one supply voltage that can be acquired from main PSU. An.... -
Another feature of this circuit is that you can use the keys "1, 2, 3, 4" of a Philips TV IR remote to turn on or off three relays, The key `4` is used to turn on or off the over temperature alarm. package. LM35 can sense temperature from 0 C to 100 C but it.... -
This is a real time clock by using 89c51 micro-controller, clock`s data format is hour:min:sec, and it is displayed on 16x2 LCD, the code has been tested and compilled on Keil uVision compiler, circuit diagram for the project is shown below... -
The positive feedback comparator circuit increases the gain ofthe op-amp, which helps to switch very fast between the two states of a multivibrator. The positive feedback also provides hysteresis to the circuit. A capacitor `C` is connected to the inverting.... -
A simple non-commercial grade multiplexer compatbile with telephones. It will supports 4 telephone lines, and will multiplex over one cable. The topic was free of choice, but had to be oriented aroudn the theme of "PrG©vision" (prediction). As you may have.... -
The mixer is really handy for DI`ing guitars and basses into soundcards or other mixers and making use of channels on mixes that do not have mike in`s, it comes in handy for one or two guitarists that want to sing and play through one guitar amplifier as.... -
A PB-12N23PW-05Q buzzer and I`m trying to use it with ATmega 162. I can`t connect it directly to pin, because from what I`ve read from 162`s datasheet, it can source at most 20 mA. The buzzer takes 50 (or around 25, if we take a look at the graph), so I.... -
Creating a 2-bit alu. It has 8 defined functions (the functions are defined by a 3bit code), AND XOR etc, and these functions act on two, 2-bit binary numbers and produce a 2-bit answer. From what I have done so far, I have a decoder that decodes what the.... -
Build a logic level shifter (that`s what it`s called) with a few discrete components (transistors and resistors) or you can go for a one-component solution, i. e. an IC. Most ICs won`t accept input voltages as low as 1. 4 V, but I found Fairchild`s FXLP34.... -
Planning on basing a QRP transmitter off of this instructables project, seeing as I have a veritable plethora of 555 ics in my shack toolbox. The problem is, this transmitter is designed to operate a bit below the commerical AM band. How is the general.... -
Blinks 2 LEDs timely in sequence. Will somebody explain its working I know that capacitor will charge and during the charging the LED will off and whenthey discharge they will on the LED. But why transistor are there.. -
Using this(also below in question) circuit to drive a motor, and I heard I should put a decoupling cap in there to smooth out voltage spikes. I have been told to put it close to the ic, and I have also been told not to put it in front of the ic, but between.... -
In principle, the square wave oscillator doesn`t have to be a 555 timer, it could be a ring oscillator using inverters as you propose. In practice, using 4000 series CMOS logic for example, the negative output voltage produced would not be able to provide a.... -
The piezo element is only connected to Channel 1 (Arduino A[0] port). The channels Ch 1 Ch 6 are connected to female mono jacks and the ground(GND) wiring is in series from jack 1, 2 and 3 so on. till the Ch 6 end to the Arduino GND port. Taped 3 times 787 0.... -
My audio source will be a Line Level Audio -2V to +2V AC passed through a 220uF coupling cap and then a low pass filter(RC, 2 pole). The signal will be read by an ADC another one that i have seen is I don`t quite understand this FET-BJT preamp circuit And.... -
flipflop What happens when theres no specific input variable on a logic diagram using a JK flip flop
Q1 and Q2. to form a table, on the left side, list the the four possible states of Q1, Q2; on the right side, write the values that Q1 and Q2 will assume after the next clock pulse. The table will then contain a complete description of the state machine..... -
The 5 V from USB seems to be powering the led on my laptop power brick. Hence even when I switched the power brick off at the wall outlet, the led is still on. When I unplug the USB it goes off but comes back on again as soon as I plug it in. Do Ijust but a.... -
As I`m working from a single power supply and I`m trying to keep the design small, I`ve been using the LM386n-1 IC. Also, how would you suggest I control the frequency, which component value should be changed to achieve this - I`ve tried messing with all the.... -
Hooked up an electret mic into an opamp and gave output to my arduino microcontroller. The ADC on the microcontroller converts a range of 0 to 5 vV to a 10-bit number (0 to 1023). The problem is that the output from the latter two chips is not "clean". The.... -
Powering this circuit with a 6v alkaline battery, the circuit works just fine with 100uf capacitors. But the problem is I want to replace the LED with a dpdt relay, I tried a 6v one I had laying around but it wont budge. Also when I tried the circuit with a.... -
An Atmega32A chip and I`ve been trying to program it with a usbasp for quite a few hours. I can change the fuses and write the program, but verification fails. The chip can be erased and fuses can be changed, my only problem is with the verification. The.... -
Make those LEDs into LED bar graphs that will show the intensity. For example, I want a song with a loud base to make the bar graph shoot up to the top. The bars of the LED bar graph I would like to just be individual LEDs. I was getting the effect with an.... -
Interfacing the BT139-600 TRIAC with this MOC3051-M Opto-triac. Build a snubber circuit for the TRIAC as shown in the MOC3051M opto-triac`s datasheet @ page 8, figure 12. The load will be a 230V AC, 4A motor. What are the recommended characteristics of the.... -
The filter R1, R2 and C1 integrate the PWM waveform. But what is the point of the op-amp It looks like a non-inverting amplifier to me, with the gain set by R6 and R7 - if I`m not mistaken. But why does the integrated DC voltage need amplification Perhaps, I.... -
The piezo effect works both ways: if you apply a voltage the piezo stretches, but also if it stretches it creates a voltage. This principle is used to create a feedback signal which drives the oscillator. The advantage of the self drive is that it will....
New Circuits
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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