This design replaces the incandescent bulbs in the stop, tail and indicator lights of an MZ or other motorcycle with a six-volt electrical system,with high-intensity Lumiled LEDs. This gives the following advantages: A single Lumiled with a power consumption of around 1. 2W gives a light output equivalent to a colour-filtered 21W incandescent bulb. The load on the
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electrical system is therefore considerably reduced. The power saved may be used to drive a more powerful headlamp bulb. Unlike incandescent bulbs, LEDs do not burn out, and are not affected by vibration. Therefore, they do not need to be replaced. Accordingly, the light units may be permanently sealed and waterproofed with silicone sealant or similar, and connections to the LEDs made by soldered connections rather than contacts. The reliability of the lighting system is therefore much greater than the standard incandescent system. The colour of the light is determined by the properties of the semiconductor material from which the LEDs are made, and not by filtering with a coloured lens. Therefore, should the lens be damaged or broken in an accident, the lights will continue to show the correct colour. Unlike an incandescent bulb, an LED requires external circuitry to limit the current taken to a safe value. This is generally done with a simple series resistor. However, this approach is not suitable for a six-volt automotive electrical system. The LED will drop about 3 volts in operation, and the supply voltage may vary from about 5 volts to 7 volts or more depending on the state of charge of the battery and the engine speed. This would result in a variation of about 2:1 in the voltage across the series resistor, with a consequent 2:1 variation in the brightness of the LED. The current is nominally determined by the value...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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