All of our electronic circuits were originally constructed on breadboards. Once the circuits were working, we soldered them on perfboards to give us a more robust system. We created a power board which stacked two batteries in series. This gave us access to a 14. 4V line and a 7. 2V line. We separated our high power electronics from all of our logic
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circuits to decrease the potential for noise. We also implemented an emergency-stop which cut power to the actuators but left the logic circuits running. This allowed us to stop all of our motors if something went wrong but keep the logic circuits running. This board contains 4 primary elements. The first is the voltage regulating circuit. We used a low dropout regulator to power this board from a single battery. This means that the logic circuit could be powered even if the battery voltage dropped as low as 5. 5V. The second element is the flash sensor. We used a comparator connected to an NPN phototransistor to detect a camera flash. The third element is the tape sensor. We used an IR emitter coupled with an IR phototransistor to detect when we were on a particular color of tape. The output of the circuit fed into an A/D port and we calibrated the reading to determine tape color. The final element is the ball color sensor. It uses an IR emitter and detector to determine whether we obtained a black ball, a yellow ball, or no ball. We used a high power H-Bridge to control our launcher motor with PWM in drive-brake mode. We voltage regulated the launcher so that its speed would be independent of battery voltage. The voltage regulator sees a large amount of current for brief periods of time but once the wheel is spinning, the current draw is low. Thus, the average power dissipation is low and we were able to use a cheaper...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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