16C52
PIC16C52 Technical Summary
Overview
The PIC16C52 is an 8-bit microcontroller from Microchip Technology's PIC16C5X family. It is designed for embedded control applications, offering a cost-effective, high-performance solution with low power consumption. The device features a RISC-based architecture, providing efficient execution of instructions in a single clock cycle (except for branches). Its compact design and robust feature set make it suitable for a wide range of industrial, automotive, and consumer applications.
Key Features
- High-Performance RISC CPU: 8-bit architecture with 33 single-word instructions
- Operating Speed: DC to 20 MHz clock input
- Program Memory: 512 x 12-bit EPROM
- Data Memory: 25 bytes of RAM
- I/O Ports: 12 I/O pins with individual direction control
- Timer Module: 8-bit real-time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit prescaler
- Special Microcontroller Features:
- Power-on Reset (POR)
- Device Reset Timer (DRT)
- Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator
- Code protection
- Power-saving SLEEP mode
- Wide Operating Voltage: 2.5V to 6.0V
- Low Power Consumption:
- < 2 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz (typical)
- < 15 µA @ 3V, 32 kHz (typical)
- < 1 µA standby current @ 3V (typical)
Applications
The PIC16C52 is suitable for a wide range of embedded control applications, including:
- Consumer electronics (remote controls, toys, appliances)
- Automotive systems (sensors, small control modules)
- Industrial control (sensors, actuators, small controllers)
- Security systems
- Peripheral control devices
- Battery-powered devices
- Simple data logging applications
Architectural Overview
CPU Core
The PIC16C52 features an 8-bit RISC architecture with a two-stage instruction pipeline. This allows all instructions to execute in a single cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz), except for program branches which require two cycles. The orthogonal instruction set provides consistent operation across all instructions.
Memory Organization
The device features a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memory spaces:
- Program Memory: 512 x 12-bit words of EPROM
- Data Memory: 25 bytes of RAM organized as general-purpose registers
- Stack: 2-level hardware stack for subroutine calls
I/O Ports
The PIC16C52 provides 12 I/O pins organized as:
- Port A: 4 bidirectional I/O pins (RA0-RA3)
- Port B: 8 bidirectional I/O pins (RB0-RB7)
Each pin can be individually configured as input or output. The PORTB pins can source/sink sufficient current to drive LEDs directly.
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings
- Supply Voltage (VDD): -0.3V to +7.5V
- Input Voltage (VIN): -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V
- Storage Temperature: -65°C to +150°C
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C (industrial)
DC Characteristics
Specifications apply to industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C) unless otherwise noted:
- Supply Current (IDD):
- 2.0 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz
- 15 µA typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
- Input Leakage Current: ±1 µA max @ VDD = 5.5V
- Output Drive Current:
- 25 mA sink max per pin
- 20 mA source max per pin
- Input Low Voltage (VIL): 0.15 VDD max
- Input High Voltage (VIH): 0.25 VDD + 0.8V min
AC Characteristics
Timing parameters at VDD = 5V, -40°C to +85°C:
- Instruction Cycle Time: 200 ns @ 20 MHz
- Timer0 Clock Input Frequency: DC to 20 MHz
- Reset Pulse Width: 100 µs min
- Watchdog Timer Period: 18 ms typical (with prescaler = 1)
Package Information
The PIC16C52 is available in several package options:
- 18-pin PDIP (Plastic Dual In-line Package):
- Body size: 9.27 x 6.35 mm
- Lead pitch: 2.54 mm
- 18-pin SOIC (Small Outline IC):
- Body size: 11.55 x 7.50 mm
- Lead pitch: 1.27 mm
- 18-pin CERDIP (Ceramic Dual In-line Package):
- Body size: 9.27 x 6.35 mm
- Lead pitch: 2.54 mm
Development Support
Microchip provides comprehensive development support for the PIC16C52:
- MPLAB IDE: Integrated development environment for code development and debugging
- PICSTART Plus: Low-cost development programmer
- MPLAB ICD: In-circuit debugger
- Third-party Tools: Wide range of compilers, assemblers, and simulators available
- Application Notes: Extensive library of design examples and implementation guides
Special Features
Power-on Reset (POR)
The PIC16C52 includes a Power-on Reset circuit that keeps the device in reset until VDD reaches a sufficient level for proper operation.
