Using the principles of a horizontal steam engine I constructed a model in which the steam cylinder is replaced by an electromagnet with a moving core. The construction details of the model are of little importance, as the photos give all the information you need. The cylinder is replaced by an coil, while an iron core replaces the piston of a ste
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am engine. The construction details of both are shown in the photos below. If the core is placed about half of its length into the coil, and the current is then switched on, the core will be sucked right into the coil. The current will then be automatically switched off by the associated electronics. The core keeps on moving, due to the energy stored in the flywheel, until it comes out at the other end of the coil. When the current is then switched on again the action repeats in the opposite direction. The core (piston) is pulled alternately backwards and forward thus forming a reciprocating engine. Two slotted opto switches are used to control the electromagnet and regulate its speed, placed as shown in the photos below. The slotted opto switches are mounted on the same printed circuit boards (PCBs) that I used in my Cliff Lift model. The only difference is that one third of each has been cut off due to the proximity of the slotted opto switches to the gearwheel in this model. The first slotted opto switch switches the electromagnet current on and off using two shutters mounted on a gearwheel (Meccano part 95b) coupled to the flywheel. The second slotted opto switch measures the speed of the engine using the teeth of the same gearwheel. This speed information controls the current through the coil and acts as a regulator. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the system, and figure 3 shows the full circuit diagram. The...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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