The datapath contains registers, an ALU, and an internal system bus. Registers are very fast memory locations that are internal to the CPU and separate from the main system memory. They can be used as `scratch pads` during calculations. The ALU is a combinational logic device that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. The internal bus p
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ermits data exchange between the ALU and registers. The control section interprets each instruction to be executed and asserts the datapath`s control signals in the proper sequence to implement the instruction. After executing an instruction, it proceeds to the next instruction. The following requirements and constraints were placed upon the hardware. In some cases they were contradictory, and a compromise was reached that favored reduced cost and/or construction time. 1. It must, of course, meet the specifications outlined in Section 2. 5 and implement the complete instruction set described in Section 3. 7. No compromise on this point is permissible. The programmer`s model defines the architecture of a computer. t is a high-level "machine" that is visible to the programmer, but independent of the actual physical hardware. It deals with the functional behavior of the computer as seen by the programmer. It includes the number and sizes of registers, types of instructions, addressing modes, and available memory. See Section 3 for more information on many of the architectural features of the P8 CPU. The P8 CPU consists of three 8-bit registers and one 1-bit condition register. See Figure 4. 1. It is an accumulator-based design. This means that the number in the accumulator (A register) is an operand for most ALU operations. Additionally, all ALU results are placed in the A register, and overwrite its previous contents. It is...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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