The circuit consists of little more than a few coils, a step-up power transformer, and a capacitor. Power from an AC wall receptacle is fed to transformer T1 (a small neon-sign transformer) which steps the voltage up to about 3000-volts AC. The stepped-up output of T1 is fed through L1 and L2 across C1, causing it to charge until enough power is stored in the
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unit to produce an arc across the spark gap. The spark gap-which momentarily connects C1 and L3 in parallel-determines the amount of current transferred between C1 and L3. The arcing across the spark gap sends a series of high voltage pulses through L3, giving a sort of oscillating effect. The energy fed through L3 is transferred to L4 via the magnetic coupling between the two coils. (Because of the turns ratio that exists between L3 and L4, an even higher voltage is produced across L4)> Coil L4 steps up the voltage, which collects on the top-capacitance sphere where it causes an avalanche breakdown of the surrounding air, giving off a luminous discharge. In order to get maximum output from the Tesla Coil, certain conditions must be met. First of all, the primary and secondary resonant frequencies must be made equal by tuning the primary coil, L3. That`s accomplished by tapping L3 at points along the coil with a clip. In addition, the setting of the spark gap greatly effects the output of the Tesla Coil. Our Tesla Coil is designed to use either a stationary spark gap or an optional rotary spark gap; both of which must be adjusted for maximum output. (We`ll discuss the rotary spark gap a little later. ) If L3 and L4 are coupled too close, coil efficiency is reduced; over-coupling prevents the circuit from resonating at maximum efficiency. That also causes a breakdown between L3 and L4, which can produce arcing between the...
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