The voltage regulator circuit was constructed using the LM317T, 3 terminal regulator. A heatsink was utilized to cool down the LM317T. The output voltage can be set to anywhere in the range of 1. 5 volts to 30 volts. However, for our application we needed a 2. 5 volt output voltage. The selection of the desired output voltage comes with choosing app
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ropriate resistance values for R1 and R2. The use of a potentiometer for resister R2 allowed calibration of the desired output voltage. A bridge rectifier was used to receive the AC or DC input. Protection diodes were implemented to prevent the capacitors discharge from running back into the regulator in the event of abnormal operating conditions such as a sudden short circuit on the input or the output or a back emf from the inductive load. The resistor used for R1 was chosen to be 250 ohms making the voltage drop across it to about 1. 25V. This becomes the reference voltage of the regulator. Whatever current is flowing through R1 is also flowing through R2 and thus the sum of the voltage drops across R1 and R2 are the output voltage seen. This project had two experimental steps that eventually led into the development of a traffic controller. The first approach involved designing a counter that would count to fifty-nine. This would later serve as the interval between changes in the traffic light states. This circuit design was achieved by using two 74LS163 counters. The first counter had the task of counting up to nine while the second counter had the task of counting up to five only after the first counter`s had cycled through one time. To integrate these two counters, the first counter`s logical nine was NANDed and routed back to its clear pin to be reset to repeat another cycle. This output coming from this NAND gate...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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