As circuit power-supply voltages decrease and green energy trends grow in popularity, designers should re-examine some of the circuits that continually consume power, in an effort to reduce overall system power consumption. One circuit that requires continuous voltage is the `normally-ON` circuit, and it is now possible to redesign this circuit wi
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th new components to reduce wasted energy. Low-voltage operation and ultra-low power consumption have become increasingly important as circuit-supply voltages decrease. Today`s portable consumer electronic designs conserve battery power and minimize battery drain by temporarily turning off unused parts of a system, by using a high-side load switch. Load switches are usually processor-controlled, and therefore must be CMOS-compatible. Power MOSFETs have become the primary switching element for high-side load-switch applications, and optimum performance is achieved when using a P-channel device. Many of these circuits are known as "normally-OFF" circuits, meaning they require the power supply to be on in order to operate. Increasingly, there is a trend to re-examine high-side load switches as one of the "generally-accepted, facts-of-life" type of circuits. Where conventional wisdom and tradition determine a way to build traditional circuits, high-side load switches are wasteful of energy. However, these circuits were tolerated because they wasted only small amounts of energy at a time. New green trends call for improvements in the efficiency of these types of applications by many orders of magnitude. Often this can be accomplished at incremental or no additional cost, and economical payback can be achieved across the operating life of the system. Recently, re-design efforts have boosted the energy efficiency of compact...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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