If you need a triangle wave signal or a square one but you only have a sinewave generator, use this converter to avoid the trouble of beginning from scratch. It is made up of two ICs: one LM13700 and one TL084. The amplitude of the squarewave can be varied through P1 while potentiometer P2 varies the amplitude of the trianglewave signal. The conve
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rter can process signals from 6 Hz up to 60 kHz. In many function generators, a triangle wave generator (which is usually made of a schmitt-trigger combined with an integrator) is the heart of the circuit. The resulting sine wave is then synthesized from the triangle wave with the help of special diode networks. The circuit featured here, however, does it the other way around. First, the sinewave is reshaped to a triangle. Finally, the triangle is reshaped to a square wave. The sinewave is, however, not generated by this circuit. Therefore, you must get it from a sinewave source. The sinewave is reshaped by the opamp IC1A. The two resistors R3 and R4 reduce the output level of the IC1A, since this output level swings back and forth from negative 15 volts to positive 15 volts. The signal coming from IC1A is integrated by the combination of the transconductance amplifier IC1 and capacitor C2. The integration time factor can be easily adjusted with a preset voltage level fed to pin 1 of IC1. The opamp IC2B is added to the circuit to act as an impedance converter. It prevents voltage shifts at the capacitor C2 that might happen due to overloading. The trianglewave can be sampled right from the output of IC2B. The following IC2C compares the trianglewave s amplitude with the value which is preset through P2. The output of IC2C controls the current regulator at the output of IC1A. This technique guarantees that the amplitude of...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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