To build astepper motor tester, the circuit contains two sets of drivers that can support both unipolar and bipolar stepper motors. The control circuit and driver circuit are in separate power supplies that can work on a wider rangeof different power suppliesof motors. Themotor driver can support motors with power supplies from 5V-24V. The stepper
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tester contains three major sections: the clock generator, phase sequence of waveform logic, and power transistor drivers. The 3 switches are used in the circuit for theselection offorwards / backwards movement, motor start-and-stop control, and a wave / full step drives. The tester does not provide a half-step drive. In the circuit diagram, the clock signal from the oscillator connects to the 74LS193, an up/down binary counter. When theclock signal connectsto the count-up input, itwill generate the pulse sequence to the stepper motor in a clockwise direction. It will turn counter-clockwise if the count-down input is used. The 74LS139 decodes the two-bit counter output and generate the 4-phase pulses to drive the stepper motors in the 4-phase terminals respectively. Driving the unipolar and bipolarstepper motors are the same, but each phase will pulse alternatively. There are three methods used to drive, but the wave drive is the simplest way: a pulse is applied to each of the coil terminal at a time. The half-step applies pulses to one or two coils alternatively. This will create finer movements. The half-step drive will have double the amount of steps / revolution. As the torque is unequal in each step, it will cause more vibration. In the diagram, four Darlington NPN transistors are used to drive each coil terminal. Only 1 transistor is turned on at a time in a wave drive. In a full-step drive, it will always have 2...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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