I decided to make one for $45 in parts. Judging from the components I ended up using, one can tell. The motors and tires were salvaged from a broken electric wheelchair, the metal was scrap, the battery surplus from a garage sale, all the circuits custom-made. The system has three primary components: a controller circuit
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and its sensors (gyroscope and accelerometers), a dual H-bridge motor controller, and the mechanical assembly including the drive motors. The Tipper is controlled by a microcontroller that runs through a loop several hundred times per second reading in sensor data and then commanding two H-Bridge motor controllers. The objective is to always keep the handlebars close to upright. When this invariant is held true, if one leans forward the Tipper will accelerate forward to compensate and keep the handlebars upright. If one leans backward, the Tipper will turn the motors on in reverse to compensate in the opposite direction. This is precisely the desired operation, and it is how the Tipper is controlled. If the rider wants to go forward, just lean forward. In order to do this, the controller needs to know the current tilt of the device. It uses accelerometer and gyroscope data to estimate the physical state of the system. Unfortunately, there is not a reliable tilt sensor that is resistant to offset from acceleration of the entire device, so the controller needs to estimate the tilt with the two sensors it has. The (simplified) intuition behind how this works is that the accelerometer gives a very good long-term estimate on tilt, but is rather poor for any single measurement, whereas the gyroscope is very effective for short-term measurements, but is inaccurate for the long-term. The algorithm it uses to estimate tilt is...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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