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This project focuses on interfacing a microSD card, which is an affordable option for adding substantial memory to embedded systems. The microSD card is compatible with the SPI bus, simplifying the interfacing process. SD card adapters are readily available,...
This document provides an example of how to interface with the standard Hitachi HD44780 LCD using an 8051 microcontroller and the SDCC C compiler. A standard 16-character by 2-line LCD module is utilized, as illustrated in the schematic below....
I2C, pronounced "I squared C," stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit. This protocol was developed by Philips Semiconductors around 1992 to facilitate easy communication between components on the same circuit board, achieving transfer rates of up to 400 kbit/sec. It utilizes...
The board is relatively simple and is based on a PCF8574, which provides the output of a CD 4040 counter to the I2C bus. A DIP switch is included to select the PCF8574 address, along with some LEDs for...
A matrix keypad consists of a set of buttons similar to an alphanumeric keyboard, equipped with keys typically marked with letters, numbers, and additional function keys. Embedded systems that require user interaction must interface with devices that accept user...
Relays are devices which allow low power circuits to switch a relatively high Current/Voltage ON/OFF. For a relay to operate a suitable pull-in & holding current should be passed through its coil. Generally relay coils are designed to operate...
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