This circuit provides a cheap alternative to the LM3915 series LED displays. The meter relies on a square-wave oscillat
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or built around two CMOS analog switches, which alternatively selects the right and left channels for monitoring and display. The selected signal is amplified by the common-emitter stage Tl, and the output is fed into the string comparators which control the display. These eight comparators are from two LM324 quad op amps, each is connected to a resistor network, which has a 3dB step between each comparator. Each comparator has a positive feedback resistor to increase the hysteresis to provide a longer display, which is switched alternatively at about 10 kHz. The two CMOS switches in line are biased at half the supply voltage by 1- resistors from a 100-KOhmhm divider, which allows them to handle analog signals up to 9 V peak to peak. As the voltage increases above the setpoint of each comparator, the output goes low and the corresponding LED lights, which produces a bar of light in response to the input voltage. For a linear response the resistor-network can be replaced by nine 10-KOhmhm resistors, giving an equal voltage gap before each LED comes on.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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