V_logic is connected to the power supply Vs and all ground are connected to the negative terminal of the battery. Fout is a square wave of varying frequency with a maximum amplitude of Vs. A voltage divider is needed (200k and 10k variable resistor connected in series) is needed at pin 3 to scale the voltage down to around 20 -50 mV. The source-splitting amplifier allows three different potential reference: + 4.5V, -4.5V and Ground. Since the BA1404 can only have +3V as its power supply, we used two diodes to create a total drop of 1.4V and this allows the transmitter to function properly. Another advantage to this setup is that every elements on this circuit can be powered off a signal 9V battery. Although not noted on this schematics, one should know that the input to the transmitter should be on the order of mV (5 - 50mV).
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
Implementing a variable voltage divider to the input is very important. The nice thing about this setup is that one does not need an DC offset circuitry to adjust ECG signal from the output of the amplifier. Since our VFC is powered between -4.5V and +4.5V, it has a 4.5V offset already. If the ECG signal is centered at 0V with a swing from -0.5 to +0.5V, then the VFC sees it as 3.5V to 4.5V swing. It is important to know that VFC cannot have negative voltage as its input. Furthermore, making an inductor at the tunable FM transmitter range is a painstaking process. We found that by turning a wire 4 times around the pen allows the signal to be transmitted at 90 MHz. This section consists os a summing amplifier with a gain of one cascaded with an inverting amplifier with a gain of approximately two. The summer takes the input obtained from the receiver (a FM radio tuned at approximately 90 MHz) and adds it to a constant voltage obtained using a simple voltage divider. This signal is then sent to an inverting amplifier which provides a gain of two and inverts the signal after it has been inverted by the summing amplifier. The reason we amplified the signal is due to the fact that FVC (LM231) needs at least a 2V peak-to-peak amplitude. The signal coming from the radio receiver has a peak-to-peak amplitude around 500 mV. Increasing the volume will normally increase the signal amplitude but it will also decrease the...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: