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The electrical wiring diagram for the 1993 VW Passat includes the Engine Control Module, Automatic Control Unit, and Automatic Solenoid. This diagram illustrates the connections and wiring between various components of the vehicle's system, such as the multi-function switch,...
Reverse Engineering an EVAP System - Part 1. A 1997 Volkswagen Jetta (I4) is experiencing issues with the EVAP system, which has been a challenge for numerous mechanics attempting to diagnose the problem. The EVAP (Evaporative Emission Control) system is...
This section describes an experimental low power, low bandwidth data signaling system that was initially made to operate at 55 MHz (television channel 2 in the U.S.). Before operating a radio transmitter, find out what kind of transmitter operation,...
The ADM660 is a charge-pump voltage converter that can either invert the input supply voltage or double it. The schematic below depicts the ADM660 Voltage Inverter Circuit Configuration Diagram. This inverting schematic is ideal for generating a negative rail...
The 1381 solar engine uses a 1381 voltage detector (a.k.a., a voltage supervisor) IC to drive a voltage-based (type 1) solar engine. The 1381 is normally used to reset CPUs and micros when the power supply drops too low...
There is an interest in starting an introductory electronics project using an infrared (IR) sensor, but there is some confusion regarding the application circuit provided in the datasheet. The recommended resistor value is significantly lower than the calculated value....
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