Converter Circuits
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Consisting of two capacitors polarity as shown by ICL7660 and external power conversion. The power supply using a dedicated integrated circuit ICL7660 polarity inversion and ex.. -
A large area photodiode and current to frequency converter combined in a clear plastic 8-pin DIL package. The output is a pulse train whose frequency is directly proportional to the light intensity. The output is CMOS compatible (use a 3k3 pulldown resistor.... -
A simple voltage-to-current converter is shown in the figure. The current out is 0t or Vjn/R. For negative currents, a pnp can be used and, for better accuracy, a Darlington pah-can be substituted for the transistor. With careful design, this circuit can be.... -
Conversion of triangle wave shapes to sinusoids is usually accomplished by diode-resistor shaping networks, which accurately reconstruct the sine wave segment by segment. Two simpler and less costly methods may be used to shape the triangle waveform of the.... -
This fixed frequency triangular waveform generator driven by a TTL square wave generates typically 16-V p-p triangles at frequencies up to several MHz. It uses only one AND open collector gate, or one open collector inverter as a fast integrator with gain..... -
The current out is Iqut—Vin/R. For negative currents, a PNP can be used and, for better accuracy,-a Darlington pair can be substituted for the transistor. With careful design, this circuit can be used to control currents of many amps.. -
Converter consists of four quad bistable latches activated in the proper sequence by the digit strobe output of the LD110. The complemented outputs (Q) of the quad latch set reflects the state of the bit outputs when the digit strobe goes high... -
The converter generates an output voltage which is linearly proportional to the input frequency waveform. Each zero crossing at the comparator"s input causes a precise amount of change to be dispensed into the op amp"s summing junction. This charge in turn.... -
This circuit converts frequency to voltage by taking the average dc value of the pulses from the 74121 monostable multivibrator. The one shot is triggered by the positive-going ac signal at the input of the 529 comparator. The amplifier acts as a dc filter,.... -
The D169 serves as a level detector and provides complementary outputs. The op amp is used to integrate the input signal Vin with a time constant of R1C1. The input (must be negative) causes a positive ramp at the output of the integrator which is summed.... -
The circuit accepts two positive-voltage inputs VN and Vv and provides a TTL-compatible output pulse train whose repetition mte is proportional to the ratio VN/ V0. Full-scale output frequency is about 100 Hz, and linearity error is below 0.5 percent. The.... -
Two pairs of MOSFETs form a bridge that alternately switches current in opposite directions. Two parallel-resonant LC circuits complete the converter. The Ll/C1 combination is resonant at the fundamental frequency; the L2/C2 combination is resonant at the.... -
Single programming resistor Rp provides an output-current range of about six decades.-Note that this resistor"s TC is also a potential source of error; it dissipates 125 mW when JliN ~ 5 V. The maximum deviation is typically 50 nA or 0.0002% of full scale. .. -
The circuit letsyou convert a serial pulse stream or sinusoidal input to a sinusoidal output at 1/32 the frequency. By varying the frequency of Vrn, you can achieve an output range ofl07:1-from about 100 kH2 to less than 0.01 H2. The output resembles that.... -
Six components can configure a circuit whose output voltage is proportional to its input frequency. The average current (hvc from the 40106 Schmitt trigger inverter"s ground pin 8 is linearly dependent on the frequency at which CO is discharged into the.... -
Circuit has a 1 Hz-to-30 MHz output, 150-dB dynamic range, for a 0 to 5 V input. It maintains 0.08% linearity over its entire 71/3 decade range with a full-scale drift of about 20 ppm/°C. To get the additional bandwidth, the fast )FET buffer drives the.... -
The input voltage, V1, causes C1 to charge and produce a ramp voltage at the output of the 741 op amp. Diodes D1 and D2 are four-layer devices. When the voltage across C1 reaches the breakover voltage of either diode, the diode conducts to discharge C1.... -
This circuit can accept positive or negative or differential control voltages. The output frequency is zero when the control voltage is zero. The 741 op amp forms a current source controlled by the voltage Ec to charge the timing capacitor C1linearly..... -
This stabilized voltage-to-frequency converter features 1 Hz -1.25 MHz operation, 0.05% linearity, and a temperature coefficient of typically 20 ppm/°C. This circuit runs from a single 5-V supply. The converter uses a charge feedback scheme to allow the.... -
This 5-V circuit utilizes a servo-controlled dc/dc converter to generate the compliance voltage necessary for loop-.. -
This circuit switches its dc/dc converter, IC1, off whenever the large filter capacitor, C6, has suffic.. -
Teledyne Semiconductor"s Type TSC9402 IC is eminently suitable as an inexpensive current-to-frequency conver.. -
The input signal drives ICD. Because ICD"s positive input (V+) is slightly offset to + 0.1 V, its steady state .. -
This divider uses a variable-length shift register, a type-D flip-flop, and an inverter. The clock feeds the.. -
Counter speeds for CMOS- and TTL-programmable counters are limited to under 100 MHz. ECL-type devices can approach.. -
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Teledyne Semiconductor"s Type TSC9402 is a versatile IC. Not only can it convert voltage into frequency, but al.. -
In this application, an AD652IC is used in a synchronized V/F converter that derives its input from th.. -
The radio beacon band extends from 280 to 516 kHz. Each beacon has its own characteristic AM"-modulated morse-coded .. -
Ll, Ql, L2, and L3 compose an RF amplifier stage that feeds Ml, a doubly balanced mixer. Q4 is a l.. -
The VLF Converter can be used to pick up signals for the general coverage of shortwave receivers. A number of unusual signals.. -
This converter enables a receiver that tunes 28 to 32 MHz to receive the 144- to 148-MHz amateur band. A BF981 dual-gate .. -
In this case, the NE602 is used in this superhet front-end configuration. Ul serves as a frequency conve..
New Circuits
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The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower..... -
The best human ear can capture sounds from 20Hz to 20KHz. These limits are known to be the broadest that can exist. Normally the normal limits range from 100Hz to about 13KHz and depend on the age and health of the individual. We for our measurements and to....
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