It is widely recognized that while a large loop feedback from the amplifier output stage to the preceding stage can enhance frequency response and reduce harmonic distortion indicators in an amplifier, it may adversely affect the transient characteristics and certain dynamic indicators. This is particularly true for the feedback induced by the speaker on the previous stage, which can lead to signal distortion. The hi-fi amplifier circuit described in this article eliminates the large loop feedback and employs a fully symmetrical DC differential preamplifier with a constant emitter source circuit, ensuring good stability and linearity. The LF356 output DC servo circuit is utilized to automatically maintain the output terminal potential. The complete circuit is illustrated in Figure 4-16, with power source and protection circuitry omitted.
This hi-fi amplifier circuit design focuses on enhancing audio fidelity by addressing the drawbacks associated with large loop feedback. The decision to eliminate such feedback is based on the understanding that it can introduce unwanted artifacts into the audio signal, particularly affecting transient response and dynamic range. By utilizing a fully symmetrical DC differential preamplifier, the circuit achieves improved linearity, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the audio signal across various frequencies.
The constant emitter source circuit provides a stable operating point for the transistors, ensuring consistent performance under varying load conditions. This stability is essential for high-fidelity applications where signal integrity is paramount. The LF356 operational amplifier, known for its low noise and high-speed performance, is employed in the output stage. Its integrated DC servo functionality allows for automatic adjustment of the output terminal potential, effectively eliminating any DC offset that could compromise sound quality.
The schematic representation of this circuit, as depicted in Figure 4-16, illustrates the arrangement of components, including the differential pair, biasing networks, and the output stage with the LF356. The omission of power source and protection circuitry in the figure simplifies the focus on the core amplifier design. Overall, this approach to amplifier design prioritizes audio quality by minimizing feedback-related distortions while ensuring robust performance characteristics. As we all know, from the amplifier output stage to the previous stage, although a large loop feedback to improve frequency response and harmonic distortion indicators amplifier , but the impact on the transient characteristics of the amplifier and some dynamic indicators is more harm than good, especially the speaker on the induction voltage feedback to the previous level, can cause signal distortion, a hi-fi amplifier circuit described in this article is to remove the large loop feedback, and use the full symmetry of the DC differential preamp with constant emitter source circuit, good stability, good linearity, the LF356 bit output DC servo circuit can automatically maintain its output terminal potential, the whole circuit shown in Figure 4-16 (power source and protection circuitry omitted)
This amplifier is of such high quality that it would be an understatement to call it a HIFI amplifier. According to HIFI-confirmed-Finland, the frequency response must be direct and distortion <1% 20-20 kHz. Our power amplifier circuit meets the above requirements for bandwidth 5Hz - 500 kHz, however, the frequency band is limited to prevent interference. The amplifier meets the requirements for a reference amplifier, which is suitable for measurement and comparison operations. Small 12-24V voltage system amplifiers operating in the power and properties are somewhat modest, for instance, testing decent speakers. The amplifier is also suitable for demanding PA use.
When music occurs at shallow close 20Hz sound levels, the whole amplifier power reserve may need to be temporarily used. This happens especially when the low-frequency emphasis equalizer or amplifier is used, for example, TV. Watching a movie with lots of sound effects, if the power is not enough in that situation, the sound from the speakers is distorted, reducing the enjoyment of hearing or even damaging the speaker drivers.
The distortion of human hearing range is only about 20 Hz-20 kHz. The hi-fi speaker gamut extends at its best to 25kHz and the hearing area of bats "remains" at 150 kHz, so what are the practical benefits of the amplifier's superior frequency characteristics? The power of less than 1% distortion mentioned in the title 220W blue means the so-called total maximum amount of distortion. This includes TIM distortion (Transient intermodulation) as well as IM-distortion (intermodulation-distortion). TIM distortion occurs in connection with high-speed percussion sounds, such as the sound of dishes on drums. If the amplifier's share of this distortion is high, the amplifier will not be able to play the sound clean, but the sound will be distorted.
The higher the frequencies the amplifier is capable of playing, the less is TIM distortion. If the amplifier would be able to repeat 600 kHz, distortion would not occur at all. IM distortion means that the amplifier generates excess denominated, the so-called undesirable ghost signals. For example, fed in to 19 kHz. And 20 kHz, consists of the difference between 1kHz. Safety Because this amplifier has AC parts, its construction is permitted only in the technical work of teachers. Even in this case, the device should be checked by experts before connecting it to the network. Although the equipment has been revised, it is worth remembering that even the only speaker outputs may at best affect almost 70V the effective voltage.
Therefore, caution is necessary during building and operation. For instance, the speaker terminals should be protected against contact. Building instructions and testing of the amplifier circuit board components will be worth and an amplifier solder test in three stages: 1) The components of the power side, and all the cables signal cables except installed 2) any other circuit board components plus not only hybrid circuit STK 4231 3) STK 4231 placed and cooled, and the input signals the wires connected.
Installation of the power-side components and testing should be done carefully. The transformer wires insulation must first be removed carefully or checked that this has already been done. Then the transformer conductors order is checked on the transformer side.
The circuit board parts include STK4231II Hybrid, Led green, resistors of different values, ceramic and plastic capacitors, a rectifier, fuse holders and fuses, a coil, line voltage parts, potentiometer, RCA connectors, speaker output screws, and a cooling unit.
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