5V USB interface power supply / charger circuit
The USB charger power supply circuit typically consists of several key components arranged to convert the AC input voltage to a stable DC output voltage suitable for charging devices. The primary input stage includes a transformer that steps down the AC voltage from the mains supply to a lower voltage. This transformer is essential for isolating the high-voltage AC from the low-voltage DC side, ensuring safety during operation.
Following the transformer, a rectifier circuit is employed to convert the AC voltage to pulsating DC. This is usually achieved using a bridge rectifier configuration, which consists of four diodes arranged in a bridge formation. The rectifier output is then smoothed using a filter capacitor, which reduces the ripple voltage and provides a more stable DC output.
The voltage regulation stage is critical in maintaining a consistent output voltage of 5V. This is often implemented using a linear voltage regulator, which can handle the input voltage and provide the desired output. In this design, if a higher output current is required, replacing the transistor Q1 with a 13003 can enhance the current handling capability, allowing for a longer duration of higher current output without overheating or failure.
The output stage includes a USB connector, allowing for easy connection to various devices such as MP3 and MP4 players. The circuit is designed to meet the USB power delivery specifications, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of devices. Additionally, safety features such as overcurrent protection and thermal shutdown may be integrated to protect both the charger and the devices being charged.
Overall, this USB charger power supply circuit is a reliable solution for charging portable electronic devices, providing the necessary voltage and current levels while ensuring safety and efficiency.The USB Charger power supply,should be used inMP3MP4 charger ,which input AC160-240V, 50/60Hz, rated output: DC 5V , 250mA (if you want long-term greater current output, replace Q1 to 13003).. 🔗 External reference
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