This discussion continues on from the audio tone control topic, which introduced both passive and active tone controls. The follow on topics might be a 2-Band Active Tone Control, or the 3-Band Active Tone Control. An audio equalizer is used to adjust the amplitude of one or more frequency bands. The actual circuit adds equalization just as the
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tone controls did. The circuits are similar and use the same terms to indicate an amplification [boost] or attenuation [cut]. In fact there isn`t much difference between the two classes of circuits. Both of the circuits below indicate that they use a LM741 operational amplifier, but like all of these Op-Amp circuits any amplifier could be used instead of the 741. The LM741 is just used to indicate that any general purpose operational amplifier might be used. In addition, no pin numbers are provided in the circuit diagrams so a single, dual or quad package Op-Amp could be used. Two operational amplifier circuit schematics are provided below. Both circuits are based on a non-inverting amplifier design. The LM741 [uA741] are configured as a unity gain amplifier, as Rf and Ri are shown as the same value. The gain of an inverting amplifier is Rf/Ri, or in this case R2`/R2 [ignoring the other passive components for the moment]. A Shelving Equalizer gets its name from the frequency response curve the circuit achieves. The characteristic curves resemble stacked shelves. There are two types; a high-pass Shelving Equalizer (which passes all frequencies above a certain frequency), and a low-pass Shelving Equalizer (which passes all frequencies below a certain frequency). Both low and high pass equalizers are shown below. The first circuit uses a component placement that configures it as a high frequency equalizer. The equalizer is...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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