Incremental-rotation or linear encoders are very common, but normally they do not provide a direction signal. This design shows an easy way to detect forward or reverse direction. Incremental encoders normally provide two output signals, usually named Channel A and Channel B. These signals deliver both clock information, depending on resolution, a
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nd rotating speed. They differ only in phase margin (for example, 90 ° for clockwise and +90 ° for counter clockwise). The circuit in Figure 1 uses these signals as inputs to a 4538 single-chip, dual monostable multivibrator. Depending on the speed required for the application, the IC could be a metal-gate device, a 74HC, or a 74HCT type. 1. The direction discriminator circuit is based on a dual monostable multivibrator, which can be a metal-gate, 74HC, or 74HCT type depending on the speed required by the application. The feedback from one of the outputs to an input is used to avoid re-triggering. This isn`t strictly necessary but helps to keep the pulse duration constant. On the other hand, an important function is to trigger forward pulses from one edge of the input signal and reverse pulses from the other edge of that signal ( Fig. 2 ). 2. This scope printout shows the behavior of the circuit when the encoder shaft is moved a little between clockwise and counter-clockwise. Channel 1 is In Channel A (U1 pin 4). Channel 2 is In Channel B (pin 13). Channel 3 is Out Forward (pin 6). Channel 4 is Out Reverse (pin 10). This is why the same mechanical position, or slot edge of the encoding wheel, delivers, for instance, a positive edge in the forward direction and a negative edge in reverse. So if a design uses the same electrical edge for triggering, the result will be a hysteresis in changing the direction of one encoder slot...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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