This is a nice LFO for all of your modulation needs. The frequency can be voltage controlled to add a new dimension to your sound palette. The pulse width of the rectangle wave can be varied between approximately 10% and 90% again lending variability to the modulation capabilities of this LFO. Voltage control can be used to vary the pulse width as
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well. If you power your circuits with +/-15 volts then observe the recommended changes that are noted on the schematic. I recommend a complete review of this page before buying a board. U1 and associated components comprise a linear voltage to log current converter. The current flowing into the collector of Q2 controls the current flowing from the bias input of U3-A transconductance amp to ground via Q3. The transconductance of U3-A is used to control the frequency of the oscillator. U2-A and associated components comprise an integrator. When current flows into U3-A`s output the integrator ramps up and when current flows out of U3-A`s output the integrator ramps down. When the integrator`s output goes above the threshold of comparator U4-A and associated components it`s output goes high (to near +V). The output of U4-A is fed to the non-inverting input of U3-A transconductance amp. While U4-A`s output is high current flows out of U3-A`s output and the integrator ramps down until the voltage at the input of U4-A goes low enough to overcome the hysteresis provided by R18 and it`s output goes low. When this happens the comparator starts to ramp up again and thus we have a triangle wave at the output of U2-A. The amp bias of U4-A is controlled by the current generated by the linear voltage to log current convertor. This controls the current that flows in and out of U4-A and thus the frequency of the oscillator. The...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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