Voltage variations and power cuts adversely affect various equip- ment such as TVs, VCRs, music systems and refrigerators. This simple circuit will protect the costly equipment from high as well as low voltages and the voltage surges (when power resumes). It also gives a melodious tune when mains power resumes. When mains voltage is normal, the DC
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voltage at the cathode of zener diode D4 is less then 5. 6V. As a result transistor T1 is in off state. The DC voltage at the cathode of zener diode D5 is greater than 5. 6V and as a result transistor T2 is in on state. Consequently, relay RL1 gets energised, which is indicated by lighting up of green LED. Under high mains voltage condition, transistor T1 switches to on state because the voltage at cathode of zener diode D4 becomes greater than 5. 6V. Consequently, transistor T2 switches to off state, making the relay to de-energise Under low mains voltage condition, transistor T1 switches to off state and as a result transistor T2 also switches to off state, making the relay to de-energise. Timer IC 555 in the circuit is configured to operate in a monostable mode. The pulse width is about 10 seconds with the timing component values used in the circuit. When the power resumes after a break, pin 2 of IC 555 goes low briefly and this triggers it. Its output makes music IC UM66 to operate through transistor T3. Simultaneously, transistor T1 also gets forward biased as the monostable IC1 output is connected to its base via diode D8 and resistor R7. As a result, transistor T1 conducts and biases transistor T2 to cut off. Thus relay RL1 remains de-energised for the duration of mono pulse and the load is protected against the voltage surges. To adjust presets VR1 and VR2, you may use a manually variable auto-transformer. Set the...
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