It`s enough to explore PWM and digital-to-analog conversion, and it illustrates how you can create your very own electronics workbench to explore RC filters , charge curves, discharge curves, pulse generators, timers, and even create a very simple oscilloscope to understand what`s going on in a dynamic electronic circuit. The first thing I need to do is clear things up a bit. While
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that above picture is a fully functioning circuit, it`s pretty awkward to see exactly what is hooked up to what. Some of these components are polarized, so there`s in fact more to it than which wire goes where . First thing to notice, is that there`s a lot more info here, and it`s a lot more precise. The components use a standard notation, and their values are also indicated. Now, although it was a fun exercise for me to draw this by hand and scan it in, it`s a bit tedious if I make mistakes while drawing or when things change. Fortunately, there are computer-aided design ( CAD ) software packages which make it simple to draw and edit such schematics on-screen. Here`s the same schematic using EAGLE : But this is where the fun starts. We could just hook up a battery to it (+ to VIN and to GND), and there would in fact be some interesting behavior. But we can do a lot better than that: we can put the entire circuit under computer control! The digital output pins on an ATmega are terrific controllable power sources, as long as we only need a few milliamps at 3. 3V or 5V. And if we need more well, that`s where transistors come in (to be described in a future post). The other great property of an ATmega (many MPUs, for that matter), is that they also have analog and digital inputs, so they can be used to measure various aspects of the circuit under test at the same time. I still haven`t told you what the circuit does. But if...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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