When adding an alternating current signal to the capacitor, the wave position (the phase) of the charging current of the capacitor and the voltage of the capacitor shifts by 90 degrees. When adding an alternating current signal to the coil, it changes contrary to the capacitor. The change of the voltage moves ahead by 90 degrees with the change of
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the current. When a signal is inputted to the positive input terminal(Noninverting input) of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier tries to output an in-phase signal as the output. However, because there is a capacitor, the output of the operational amplifier becomes the charging current of the capacitor. The change of the voltage of the capacitor does the change to have been 90 degrees behind with the change of the charging current. Because it is, the output signal voltage of the operational amplifier becomes the signal to be 90 degrees behind from the input signal. When a signal is inputted to the negative input terminal(Inverting input) of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier tries to output the signal of the antiphase( 180 ° shifted signal ) as the output. Because it is 90 degrees behind in the voltage of the capacitor from the charging current, the output voltage of the operational amplifier becomes the signal to delay 270 degrees ( 180 ° + 90 ° ) from the input signal. At the oscillation circuit which used an amplifier circuit, oscillation operation is done when the phase of the input signal of the amplifier and the phase of the signal which is fed back from the output are in-phase. The circuit which was made this time is using the two integration circuits of the negative terminal input. The phase difference of the input and the output of the two integration circuits shifts by the 540...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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