Varius Circuits
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The linear charging ramp is most useful where linear control of voltage is required. Some possible applications are a long period voltage controlled timer, a voltage to pulse width converter, or a linear pulse width modulator. Ql is the current source.... -
The circuit uses a CA3060 triple OTA (two units serve as switched current generators controlled by a third amplifier). A CA3160 BiMOS op amp serves as a voltage follower to buffer the 0.0022 µ¥ integrating capacitor. The circuit has an adjustment range of.... -
In applications where the period of the input pulses is uneven and the divider is required to cover a wide range of frequencies, the non-integer programmable pulse divider shown can be used. The purpose of the D-type flip-flop (IC2) is to synchronize the.... -
That circuit is based on a 14-pin DIL IC capable of producing sine, square, triangular, sawtooth and pulse waveforms of high accuracy and stability. The frequency may be selected to be from 0.001Hz to 1Mhz, Frequency modulation and sweeping can be.... -
In this laboratory experiment, we need to design the frequency determining network for a 1k Hz sinusoidal oscillator. Therefore, we should set: Capacitance = 100nF Resistance = 1520 ohm .. -
The Tri-Waveform Generator can be used for a number of different uses. The one that I use it for is a signal generator to test circuits. The frequency range is 20 to 20khz. and can be adjusted by R1. The duty cycle or the time that the waveform is high and.... -
This fucntion gernerator IC is specified to work to 20 MHz. So far, this unit works nicely to 50KHz. Since I seldom need signals higher than that, it has taken up a happy home on my workbench and further development is iffy at best. There are two basic.... -
The vertical deflection amplifier uses a 180 degree phase splitter to generate a differential signal. The CRT requires large drive voltages, but almost no current. The oscilloscope bandwidth is limited by the amplifier chain as almost all electrostatic CRTs.... -
The excess small forward current flow in a tunnel or Esaki diode is a manifestation of quantum mechanical tunneling... -
This is a useful instrument for works hops. The standard of the produced frequencies is 10 to 1. The basic frequency is produced by a crystal with high accuracy. The circuit is consisted by the oscillator, around the crystal and the frequency divider, which.... -
This frequency doubler using a single 4069 hex inverter IC, a frequency doubler can be constructed to give an output pulse train whose frequency is twice that of a squarewave input signal. The signal is applied to the input of N1. It should be a squarewave.... -
This frequency doubler uses one CMOS quad, two input NAND gate package type 4011. The frequency doubler proper consists of an inverter IC1B, two differentiating networks R1/C1, R2/C2 and NAND gate IC1A, IC1C and IC1D function as input and output buffers. In.... -
This is a classic divider of frequency via two. It is achieved with a classic circuit T-flipFlop, round IC1 [ 4011 ]. In the circuit, the frequency of network, after are limit the negative half-s period of sine wave and transform in square wave, are divided.... -
Here exist a small collection from three generators, what using crystal for basic production of oscillations. Each generator uses different topology of circuit for the production of oscillations. .. -
Built around a single 8038 waveform generator IC, this circuit produces sine, square or triangle waves from 20Hz to 200kHz in four switched ranges. There are both high and low level outputs which may be adjusted with the level control. This project makes a.... -
The CD4060 is a CMOS 14-stage binary counter with an internal oscillator on chip. The oscillator is controlled by the resistors and capacitor tied to the timing pins, 9-11. This oscillator runs the binary counter, and the various outputs count at the.... -
A 7 MHz oscillator with a variable crystal oscillator (VXO) operates very stably, but it allows only a small frequency variation (approx. 5 kHz). In contrast, a VFO with an LC resonant circuit can be tuned over a range of several hundred kHz, but its.... -
The direct conversion receiver described consists of only a bandpass filter, mixer IC, VFO and audio filter. With only 22 parts, this simple circuit should take a few hours at the weekend to construct. For extra simplicity, eliminate L1 & C1 and connect C2.... -
In order to generate a single note you may try these simple circuits. With only three components you may implement some basic buzzers. You need a telephone earpiece for the first circuit. Any old telephone set has got one of those magnetic earpiece that is.... -
Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) can easily oscillate if there is an inductor (a speaker coil in this case) which gives just enough extra voltage to completely switch off the sustain current. In this way a new cycle may start and oscillations set in. It.... -
These two circuits are interesting from an academic point of view. Their practical implementation is rather critical and it is not easy to get steady operation. Circuit (a) requires a "cooked" zener: connect it first to a constant current generator, then.... -
The small 8-pin PIC12C508 is pre-programmed to generate our 38KHz carrier frequency by simply pulsing I/O-pin GP1 (shown above). The PIC will generate either 38KHz or 40KHz, depending on the state of GP3 when power is first applied. If you connect GP3 to.... -
Sawtooth wave generators using opamp are very common. But the disadvantage is that it requires a bipolar power supply. A sawtooth wave generator can be built using a simple 555 timer IC and a transistor as shown in the circuit diagram. The working of the.... -
The oscillator circuit (see Figure 1) involves two unity gain phase shift stages, A1 and A2, in tandem and a gain stage, A3, with back to back diodes and resistor network providing non-linear negative feedback. At a particular frequency (determined by RT and.... -
This circuit consists of a CMOS square wave oscillator on a frequency of approximately 1 kHz. The RC filter, which has a roll-off frequency of 500 Hz, filters the harmonics, providing a sine-wave output. .. -
Here`s a small LM386-based square-wave oscillator built from the following schematic. I replaced the 30k resistor with a 50k Potentiometer from my stash of parts which then, of course, acts as a pitch controller. The following audio is some track recordings.... -
Originally I was going to call this posting "Crystal Oscillator Blues". This is given because things have not been going well with constructing the crystal oscillator for the GPS Disciplined Oscillator, as outlined in my last posting ( GPSDO - Crystal.... -
This circuit provides sine and square wave at frequency of below 20Hz up to above 20KHz. The benefit of this circuit diagram is that you can adjust the output frequency by varry the variable resistor of R6. .. -
The Hartley oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that derives its feedback from a tapped coil in parallel with a capacitor (the tank circuit). Although there is no requirement for there to be mutual coupling between the two coil segments, the circuit is....
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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