This circuit uses just two CMOS IC`s, a 4011 quad 2 input NAND gate, and a 4020 14-stage ripple binary counter. At switch on R2 and C2 provide a brief reset pulse, which will ensure the output pin Q1 of the 4020 is high. Gates U1 and U2 form a simple astable R1 and C1 determining the timing period. The tolerances of capacitors vary widely, so for
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more control, you may use a 470n capacitor for C1 and use a fixed 3. 3M resistor in series with a 250k preset for R1. A timing period of just less than 1. 76seconds is required. The output of the oscillator at U2 drives the input of the 14-stage ripple counter, U3. The outputs divide sequentially by two and the output signal is taken from Q13, requiring 2048 input pulses before the signal becomes high. When the output Q13 goes high, the output sounder will become active. Gate U4 of the 4011 is used to "modulate" the output sounder. As U4 is also connected to the output of U2, the output sounder will turn on and off at the same rate as the oscillator. Suitable output sounders can be found at Maplin Electronics part code KU56L or CR34M. These are self contained DC piezo buzzers, requiring 10mA at 12V DC but work with supply voltages from 3 to 15 Volts DC. A downloadable simulation version is available here. This has been tested with LT Spice version IV. From version 4. 05 onwards, transient simulation can take a long time. To speed up simulation, I have set initial conditions on the circuit node connected to gate U1 to zero. This speeds up simulation time to a matter of seconds. LT Spice is a freely available schematic capture and spice simulator program made by Linear Technology. The link to their software page is here. There is also an active yahoo group available for LT Spice which you can find here. The graph below is...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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