A relatively High power H-bridge motor controller (which is the most common way to control DC motors) With cheap TIP transistors. 5 Amperes of continuous current through an H-bridge module may not seen high power to someof you, depending on your field and experience, that`s why I used the word relatively. But in the field of hobby electronics and robotics, yes a controller capable of controlling
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motors with currents as high as 5A at 24V is considered a high power device. The H-bridge is principally a configuration of four switches, that are switched in a specific manner to control the direction the of the current through the motor. (For brushed DC motors, the direction of rotation of the armature of the motor is changed by changing the direction of the current flowing though it). While we are talking about DC motors, here is a small useful note to bear in mind: Current flowing though a motor is proportional to the output torque, while the angular velocity (rpm) of the the output shaft is proportional to the the voltage across the motor windings . Below figure 1, is a simplified diagram showing the operation of the H-bridge configuration(you can notice the shape of the schematic, it looks like an H` letter, this is how this famous circuit got this name!). There are two possible paths for the current: The only difference between this simple H-bridge and the real H-bridge module explained on this page, is that the switches are replaced by Transistors, in order to electronically control the flow of current in the motor, hence, allowing us tocontrol the speed and direction of the motor from a microcontroller, for example. In case you are a beginner or just not familiar with transistors, I am going to explain in the next section most of what you need to know about transistors to understand and build an H-bridge. One...
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