A teardown of a BK Precision 4011 5MHz function generator a few weeks ago. Like most of basic function generators in old days, BK 4011 does not offer frequency sweep as an option. What it does include is a VCG (Voltage controlled Generator) input, which essentially is just a VCO and it can be used in conjunction with an external sweep genera
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tor to generate frequency sweeps. In this post I will show you a simple sweep generator I built. It can be used to generate both the sweep waveform and synchronization signal needed for any function generator that has a VCG/VCO input. The sweep frequency can be adjusted from under a Hertz to several kHz. The sweep waveform can be switched between linear and logrithm modes and can be easily extended to accommodate other arbitrary waveforms. At the core of this sweep generator lies an 8-bit parallel-input DAC DAC0800. This digital to analog converter is driven by an MCU (Atmega328P) which generates the sweep waveform. The reason that I used a parallel DAC in this situation is for its speed. While DAC0800 is a rather old chip, it can operate at a relatively fast speed which makes it suitable for waveform generation use. It is also very inexpensive and easy to use. Modern DACs using serial protocols (e. g. SPI/I2C) on the other hand, can cost significantly more for the same operation speed. One draw back of using DAC0800 is that it requires dual supply rails for operation. While there are ways ( TI AN-1525 ) to use DAC0800 with a single supply, they add quite a bit of complexity to the circuit design. So to keep everything simple, I followed the dual supply route. To provide the negative voltage required by DAC0800 I used Maxim`s MAX889 inverting charge pump. Because BK 4011 ²s VCG input range is 0-10V, the output from DAC0800...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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