Crystals circuits

Posted on Feb 5, 2014

All you need to do is substitute transistors for the tubes used in these fundamental oscillator circuits to bring this article`s content up to date. Or, maybe you are the owner of a vintage vacuum tube radio and would like to learn a little about how things were done in the olden days. Either way, as with so many aspects of electronic circuits, the basics haven`t changed much in the last 100 years.

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It`s all still good. An amateur radio operator, an airline pilot, a police radio dispatcher, a broadcast-station announcer. sound like a hodge-podge of job holders Maybe so, but they have at least one thing in common. All make daily use of the peculiar properties of quartz crystals - thin, glass-like plates that keep the world in tune. Crystals are found in almost all commercial and ham radio equipment, but few of their users know how they work. Before we examine the details of crystal operation, let`s take time out to define our terms. There are three important words involved: resonance, damping, and piezoelectricity. Resonance means the frequency at which an object will vibrate most easily. Every object has a resonant frequency. Musical instruments - the piano, for instance - are based on this principle. When you strike a key, a hammer hits the piano string, which then vibrates at its resonant note. Damping means the suppression of an object`s tendency to vibrate, The more highly damped an object is, the less readily it will vibrate. In the piano, for example, stepping on the loud pedal removes the damping from the strings. Stepping on the soft pedal damps the vibrations even more than usual. Finally, piezoelectricity is a property shared by several substances. It means that the substance generates a small voltage across its opposite sides if it is stretched or squeezed. In addition, applying a voltage to opposite sides...

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