I have had requests to add a VHF FM transmitter, to the QRP collection. This project is a simple transmitter using only one crystal and will cover 145.00 to 146.00 MHz. The crystal is a 44.9333 MHz crystal for 145.500 receive, as used in the Trio (Kenwood) 2200, PYE, Motorolla, Tait equipment, to name but four. The frequency of the crystal is not critical as almost any other xtal for the 2-meter band will function. No provision has been made to tune the transmitter to different channels, as this transmitter was first used as a single channel `repeater box`, leaving my main rig free to be used on other channels. The circuit is given above and simply mixes the output of a (more or less) conventional receiver multiplier (x3) with the output of a 10.7MHz VFO that is modulated with true FM.
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
Ordinary 1N4001 diodes will function well as varicap diodes, but if true varicap diodes (such as BA102 etc.) are used you will have to reduce the value of the 18pf capacitor coupling D1/D2 to L1. L1 may be a 10.7MHz IF transformer robbed from a domestic receiver, but remove the internal capacitor. Adjust L1 (10.2 - 11.2 MHz) to cover 145-146 MHz.
The modulator is a simple circuit which I will post later. Two OP-Amps were used in the prototypes, the first was a MIC amplifier to bring the MIC AF OP up to 500mV RMS. Clamp the AF with a couple of back-to-back diodes (limiter) then the second OP-Amp amplifies the clipped AF to the correct level, (about 1.5v RMS) for 5KHz deviation. Adjust the gain of the first OP-AMP for MIC GAIN and adjust the gain of the second OP-AMP for deviation (with FULL AF).
The output of the driver will supply about 10-20mW to the PA. I didn't use a PA because I lived so close to the repeater (path loss = -109dB). There are hundreds of VHF QRP PA's published in SPRAT, INTERNET, RSGB books, RadCom, and PACKET RADIO so I will leave that to your own ingenuity. A single transistor, such as the 2N3866 will be more than adequate to get up to 250mW, but an additional band-pass tuned circuit should be used between them.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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