An automatic voltage regulator circuit

A step-down transformer converts AC 220V to a lower voltage. A diode bridge rectifier and filter capacitor provide a direct current (DC) output, which fluctuates with variations in the grid voltage. A resistive voltage divider is used for sampling. When the grid voltage reaches 160V, all diodes in the circuit activate, allowing full voltage release to the regulator. If the grid voltage increases to 175V, a switch is activated to change the circuit configuration. As the voltage rises to 190V and then 205V, further diodes and components engage to manage the output voltage. If the input voltage continues to rise to 235V and then 250V, additional components are activated to indicate an overvoltage condition.

The circuit begins with an AC 220V input, which is transformed down to a lower voltage using a step-down transformer. The output from the transformer is then fed into a diode bridge rectifier, which consists of four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration. This setup converts the alternating current (AC) into pulsating direct current (DC). A smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier to filter the pulsating DC, providing a more stable DC voltage.

To monitor and regulate this output voltage, a resistive voltage divider is implemented. This divider allows for sampling of the output voltage, providing feedback to the control system. As the grid voltage fluctuates, the circuit is designed to respond accordingly. For instance, at a grid voltage of 160V, all diodes in the circuit become conductive, facilitating maximum voltage transfer to the regulator.

As the grid voltage increases to 175V, a switching mechanism is triggered, altering the configuration of the circuit to accommodate the higher voltage. This is crucial for maintaining system stability and preventing damage to components. When the voltage reaches 190V, additional diodes and control elements engage, further managing the output to ensure it remains within safe operational limits.

When the voltage rises to 205V, specific diodes become active, grounding certain bases to cut off excess voltage and prevent over-voltage conditions. The system is designed to handle input voltage variations up to 235V, at which point additional protective measures are activated. If the voltage exceeds 250V, the circuit engages an overvoltage indication system, alerting to the potential risk of damage.

In summary, this circuit employs a combination of a step-down transformer, diode bridge rectifier, filtering capacitors, and a series of protective components to manage AC to DC conversion, voltage regulation, and over-voltage protection. This ensures reliable operation in varying grid conditions while safeguarding the integrity of the system. By AC 220V step-down transformer Lu. Former -q diode bridge rectifier, filter capacitor C becomes a straight stream. The DC voltage varies with fluctuations in the grid. R.. Ri and RP divider consisting of changes BU galvanic JE sampling, RP center sampling voltage BU liters diode dish, D., D, D ,. , Dii Du sequentially turned on; when the grid voltage is 160V, all diodes cut J Bu, I- J4 full release, with electrical voltage connected to the regulator, the maximum boost end ] position; grid electricity to destroy 175V fixed sometimes, health hurricane, Tj guide sister, 1 suction units switch to 2 position; voltage of 190V/death the right time,, L is turned on, Jl suction units, meaning turn switch to 3 position; electric board when 205V, D7, D, j 1 conduction base is grounded Tz a cutoff .Jl release put pull, received 44 : voltage is 220V.

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