The TINAH board shield, a printed circuit-board shield designed and built for Phys253 and first used in 2009 by Engineering Physics students and staff. The shield acts as a buffer for protecting the digital and analog inputs and outputs of the Wiring board, and allowing for built-in functions. - Six analog inputs were used for QRD 1114 refle
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ctance sensors, with five of them being used for the robot`s ability to track the black tape. Five digital inputs were used for mechanical switches, for use in collision detection. Due to the TINAH board`s limited ability to provide current to attached devices, three motor-driver circuits were built to allow the TINAH to control the motor speeds and directions using Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), while having the current provided by the battery source. These circuits, known as H-Bridges are comprised of high-current elements that allowed the motors to be driven at much higher powers than would be possible by using PWM outputs from the TINAH alone. By using 25A MOSFETs, the circuit shown below proved to be robust enough for the reliable operation of the robot. This sensor acts as a robotic eye that produces infrared (IR) light, and varies its conductivity depending on the amount of infrared light that is reflected back to the phototransistor. Due to this, it is optimal in detecting the difference in the amount of reflected light between an object that is dark (black tape) and light (white wood). Unfortunately, this sensor is also very susceptible to interference from everything from natural light, 60 Hz (utility frequency) artificial sources and IR rangefinders on cameras. Due to this, the team created a housing to shield the sensors from these sources, to ensure the reliability of the tape-tracking algorithm. The batteries...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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