Astable Multivibrator

An astable multivibrator is an electronic device that continuously alternates between two states in its output. When one state is high, the other is low. This characteristic is useful for generating a continuous stream of pulses without the need...

Before power is applied, the input and output are at ground potential, and capacitor C is discharged. Upon power-on, the output transitions to high (Vdd), and capacitor C charges through resistor R until a specified voltage (V) is reached;...

An astable multivibrator, often referred to as a free-running multivibrator, is a rectangular-wave generating circuit. Unlike the monostable multivibrator, this circuit does not require any external trigger to change the state of the output, hence the term free-running. Before...

This circuit was first introduced by Signetics Corporation as the SE555/NE555 around 1971. Pin connections and functions are as follows: Pin 1 (Ground) is the most negative supply potential of the device, typically connected to circuit common when powered...

The output can also be taken from the collector terminals of the transistors, as illustrated in the circuit below. To understand the operation of the circuit, it is recommended to read about how a transistor functions as a switch. In...

This circuit is also known as a Free Running Oscillator because it does not require any trigger pulse to become active. Consider the moment when Vc equals +Vsat. At this point, the capacitor charges exponentially towards +Vsat through resistor...