In a frequency modulation (FM) transmitter, it is added by varying the radio signal's frequency slightly. Many other types of modulation are used.
In an FM (frequency modulation) transmitter the frequency of the carrier is varied by the audio signal. Angle modulation is the proper term for modulation by changing the instantaneous frequency or phase of the carrier signal. FM transmitters can be stereo as well and using a PLL tunning circuit you can achive a stable audio transmition on FM band.
True FM and phase modulation are the most commonly employed forms of analogue angle modulation. Direct FM (true Frequency modulation) is where the frequency of an oscillator is altered to impose the modulation upon the carrier wave. This can be done by using a voltage-controlled capacitor (Varicap diode) in a crystal-controlled oscillator or frequency synthesiser.
The frequency of the oscillator is then multiplied up using a frequency multiplier stage, or is translated upwards using a mixing stage, to the output frequency of the transmitter.
In some indirect FM solid state circuits, an RF drive is applied to the base of a transistor. The tank circuit (LC), connected to the collector via a capacitor, contains a pair of varicap diodes. As the voltage applied to the varicaps is changed, the phase shift of the output will change.
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FM Beacon Transmitter circuit
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This circuit will transmit a continuous audio tone on the FM broadcast band (88-108 MHz) which could used for remote control or security purposes. Circuit draws about 30 mA from a 6-9 volt battery and can be received to about 100 yards. A 555 timer is used to produce the tone (about 600 Hz) which frequency modulates a Hartley oscillator. A second JFET transistor buffer stage is used to isolate the oscillator from the antenna so that the antenna position and length has less effect on the frequency. Fine frequency adjustment can be made by adjusting the 200 ohm resistor in series with the battery. ..
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Valve 45 watt FM trasnmitter
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The catering better it does not become at straight line from the network 220V but via transformer 220V/220V of isolation and safety 1A. When does not exist the R3, the force of expense is bigger, but respectively is increased also the hum 50Hz, because the simplicity of designing. The control (Audio In) can become from a kasseto'fwno or other powerful source. If it is microphone it will be supposed precedes amplifier so that it acquires a force of order of 8W roughly. Tendency of catering: 220V AC. Frequency of emission at FM: 88~108MHz. Force of expense: max 45W (without the R3)...
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Phone line FM transmitter
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Here is a simple yet very useful circuit which can be used to eavesdrop on a telephone conversation. The circuit can also be used as a wireless telephone amplifier.
One important feature of this circuit is that the circuit derives its power directly from the active telephone lines, and thus avoids use of any external battery or other power supplies. This not only saves a lot of space but also money. It consumes very low current from telephone lines without disturbing its performance. The circuit is very tiny and can be built using a single-IC type veroboard that can be easily fitted inside a telephone connection box of 3.75 cm x 5 cm.
The circuit consists of two sections, namely, automatic switching section and FM transmitter section...
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Coilless FM transmitter circuit
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The RF oscillator using the inverter N2 and 10.7Mhz ceramic filter is driving the parallel combination of N4 to N6 through N3.Since these inverters are in parallel the output impedance will be low so that it can directly drive an aerial of 1/4th wavelength. Since the output of N4-N6 is square wave there will be a lot of harmonics in it. The 9th harmonics of 10.7Mhz (96.3Mhz) will hence be at the center of the FM band ...
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Crossed from: Colpitts | Clicks: 14883 | Votes: 0 | Comments: 0 | Rating: 0 | Rank: 0
Colpitts oscillator FM transmitter
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Its frequency depends on the capacitance of the vary cap diode. The center frequency is changed by varying the biasing voltage of the vary cap through the 47K pot. You can use a 75cm telescopic antenna or simply a length of hook-up wire. Mine worked fine with a 6cm hook-up wire and gave a range of 100m with a good FM receiver...
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Reliable FM transmitter
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The power output of most of these circuits are very low because no power amplifier stages were incorporated.
The transmitter circuit described here has an extra RF power amplifier stage, after the oscillator stage, to raise the power output to 200-250 milliwatts. With a good matching 50-ohm ground plane antenna or multi-element Yagi antenna, this transmitter can provide reasonably good signal strength up to a distance of about 2 kilometres.
The circuit built around transistor T1 (BF494) is a basic low-power variable-frequency VHF oscillator. ..
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Crossed from: Bug | Clicks: 4047 | Votes: 0 | Comments: 0 | Rating: 0 | Rank: 0
FM bug circuit
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This is just one of the many bugging devices available on the eaves-dropping market. The range includes pen and pencil holders, trophies, framed pictures and office furniture with false bottom drawers.
These products are readily sold to fledgling companies, eager to nestle into big brother's market.
And for a while these bugging devices worked. Few firms knew of their existence, and even less on how to sniff them out.
But that has all changed now. If a corporation suspects a leak at any level, the first thing they order is an investigation into security. Not only personnel, but information and electronic security...
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VHF FM transmitter
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I have had requests to add a VHF FM transmitter, to the QRP collection. This project is a simple transmitter using only one crystal and will cover 145.00 to 146.00 MHz. The crystal is a 44.9333 MHz crystal for 145.500 receive, as used in the Trio (Kenwood) 2200, PYE, Motorolla, Tait equipment, to name but four. The frequency of the crystal is not critical as almost any other xtal for the 2-meter band will function. No provision has been made to tune the transmitter to different channels, as this transmitter was first used as a single channel "repeater box", leaving my main rig free to be used on other channels. The circuit is given above and simply mixes the output of a (more or less) conventional receiver multiplier (x3) with the output of a 10.7MHz VFO that is modulated with true FM...
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Crossed from: Bugs | Clicks: 17681 | Votes: 0 | Comments: 0 | Rating: 0 | Rank: 0
High power bug
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My FM Wireless Microphone has been a very popular project with beginners and experienced constructors alike. It has been used inside guitars and as the basis of a remote control system. I do however, receive many requests for a higher powered circuit and better microphone sensitivity. Now I can introduce the new FM Wireless Microphone (v5), which also has a better frequency stability, over 1Km range (under ideal conditions) and is good on microphone sensitivity. This has been achieved by adding an RF amplifier buffer (with 10dB gain) and an AF preamplifier to boost the modulation a little...
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High quality FM transmitter
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This will probably be one of the last transmitters for the 88MHz to 108MHz band. This particular TX is of special interest to those wishing to build low power Power Amplifiers for the VHF bands since it used impedance matching, power amplifier and antenna filtering, all of which should be used by radio constructors, whether it be for amateur radio or any other form of radio. The features of this project are: Higher output power - 150mW min (at 9v) and 300mW+ (at 12.5v). Very pure output signal due to carefull design and filtering. VARICAP modulation - possiblity to add a synthesiser. Single sided Printed Circuit Board, only 40mm x 72mm. Covers the domestic FM band - 88MHz to 108MHz. Easy to build, but coil winding experience IS required...
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76MHz to 119MHz Fm transmitter
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TR1 (BC547) is an inverted Hartley oscillator which based upon an inductor fabricated on the PCB. This makes it megga-stable, and setable anywhere in the VHF FM band (76MHz to 119MHz) and the BB105 varicap makes it voltage tuneable over about 8MHz of that band. The inductor has one tapping for feedback and a second to feed an optional prescaler. TR2 is a buffer/amplifier and TR3 it the PA stage...
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Crossed from: Bug | Clicks: 10601 | Votes: 0 | Comments: 0 | Rating: 0 | Rank: 0
wireless FM bug
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This project is a miniature, VHF FM (wideband) Wireless Microphone transmitter of the type that are commonly refered to as BUG's. Note that "BUGS" are illegal but "Wide-Band Frequency Modulation Wireless Microphones" (WBFMWMs) are not, as so many people have told me (including the RSGB!). Besides, the AF sensitivity of this transmitter prevents it from being an effective bug for eaves-dropping! I personally use one of these WBFMWMs plugged into my HF rig headphone socket so that I can "earwig" QSO's and nets when sitting on the toilet, washing the dishes, bringing in the coal, etc. ..
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Telephone line FM Transmitter
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Would you like to be able to amplify a phone call so everybody can hear it? Or perhaps you'd like a way to record phone calls for record-keeping purposes. If either idea sounds good to you, then you might want to build the FM Telephone Transmitter describe in this article. It's a simple, yet ingenious device that connects in series with a phone line, "reals" power from the latter, and transmits both sides of a conversation to an FM radio tuned to between 90 and 95 MHz.
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PLL 1 Watt FM transmitter
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This small FM transmitter includes a limiter, a microphone amplifier and a PLL digital tuning. All the parts are placed on one circuit board. The RF power is switchable between 1 W (HI) and 0,2 W (LO). Technical specifications: Supply voltage: 12 V from accumulator or regulated power supply. Supply current (HI/LO): 270/170 mA. RF power HI: 1 W. RF power LO: 0,2 W. Impedance: 50-75 ohm. Frequency range: 87,5-108 MHz. Modulation type: wide-band FM. Modulation inputs: line, mic, RDS/MPX. PCB dimensions: 11,3 x 8,8 cm...
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0,4 Watt FM transmitter
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Power supply: 12-14 V stab., 100 mA. RF power: 400 mW. Impedance: 50-75 ohm. Frequency range: 87,5-108 MHz. Modulation: wideband FM. Connect the 6 V / 0,1 A bulb to the output and use R1 to tune the right frequency. Maybe you might stretch coils of the L1. Then use C14 and C15 to adjust the highest power (the highest light of the bulb). Then you can connect antenna and audio signal. Adjust R2 until the audio sounds as loud as the other stations. With good antenna (dipole placed outdoor and high) the transmitter has very good coverage range about 500 meters, the maximal coverage range is up to 4 km...
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