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Correctly adjusted, the voltage on the pot wiper is slightly less than half D+ (appx. 0.47*D+) and Q1 will conduct if (D+)-(Vp)>6.2+0.7+0.7, or 0.53*(D+) > 7.6V, (D+) > 14.3V. If D+ is lower than 13.7V, Q1 will not conduct, Q2 will get driven via....
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The simplest technique for measuring current in an actuator or a motor is to monitor the ground current with a resistive element between the load and the ground. Because the device and its associated electronics share a ground potential, you need to amplify....
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Clean the surface to be glued components to the printed circuit. Use a sheet of very fine sandpaper to smooth bumps fortunes. First attach the resistors and diodes. Pay attention to the polarity of the diodes! Then glue the two finished watching the first....
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The SIMD1 V3 is very similar to the NPN flavor of SIMD1 V2, but with the addition of a FET on the output line. This makes life easier for its attached load (since there`s no need here for something that can use an "enable line"), by providing power that`s....
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This page features H-Bridge circuits used for controlling direct current motors. Several designs are shown using both CMOS and Bi-Polar power devices. These circuits could be used as the basis for Model Railroad DCC Boosters or PWM motor controllers. The....
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In essence, it uses the same principle as a graphic equaliser, but the simulated inductors are made variable, so the frequency can be swept back and forth. The four 10K pots provide cut (when on the left or anti-clockwise side of centre) or boost, and in the....
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This Project can be used with the three phase Induction motors. The circuit will take the full control of the motor and it will protect the motor from several faults such us over voltage and under voltage and the circuit will switch on the motor under safety....
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The project is "Motorized Curtain" with Remote control. It is made up of MCU ATMEGA328 with Arduino BootLoader, motor driver L293D ( i used L293B with external diodes, because i couldn't find L293D ), IR Receiver TSOP 1738, DC Motor from an old printer and....
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The circuit is not particularly susceptible to motor transients and supports FULL STEPS FORWARD, FULL STEPS REVERSE, ACTIVE HOLD, and POWER OFF aka RELEASED. If the motor does not turn then swap around the leads of ONE of the two coils. To reverse the sense....
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Controller for brushless and sensorless motors, with active rpm control # Active rpm control # Car mode # Proportional brake # Active freeweehling # Updates via Internet available..
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This circuit can control a small DC motor, like the one in a tape recorder. When both the points A & B are "HIGH" Q1 and Q2 are in saturation. Hence the bases of Q3 to Q6 are grounded. Hence Q3,Q5 are OFF and Q4,Q6 are ON . The voltages at both the motor....
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Astable or free-running multivibrators have been used in home-built amateur radio equipment for many years. The basic circuit is a two stage amplifier with AC-coupled feedback from output to input. One transistor stage is on ( conducting current ) while the....
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LED's are great display tools. Their prices have decreased to a point where they are replacing more conventional light sources. In one sense their characteristic need for low voltages is an advantage e.g compatibility with I.C drives, but this voltage....
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This is a simple servo tester which will comprehensively test the capabilities of almost any modern servo. It has two pushbuttons, CENTRE and SWEEP and a potentiometer which works as follows: - CENTRE Does exactly that, centers the servo, afterwards the....
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This power supply is able to deliver adjustable center-tapped DC from 0 to about 30 volts, as well as AC directly from the Variac and from the main transformer before the rectifier. What's primitive by today's standard is that it is not voltage regulated;....
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This Project is used to control a single phase Motor from any where in the world through the telephone. The circuit consists of a DTMF tone detector and a powerful 8 bit Microcontroller AT89S52. The Microcontroller senses the DTMF signal through the DTMF....
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Mobile robots need simple and lightweight dc-motor-speed-control hardware that can work with low-power batteries. Flip-flop type navigation systems allow only one motor to operate at a time while the other motor remains off. Navigation direction changes....
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The Dremel drill fitted with a mini drill-chuck on a stand is a great setup for drilling circuit boards. The problem is that it does not do low speeds very well. My unit had a failed internal speed controller, so I just wired around it and connected it to a....
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This is a voltage controller oscillator that was designed as a wide range oscillator to generate clock pulses for a stepper motor drive system. It does however have some interesting features. The original application used a stepper motor for its ability to....
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These circuits could be used as the basis for Model Railroad DCC Boosters or PWM motor controllers. The first schematic is for a basic 3 Amp - DCC Booster using the LMD 18200 CMOS, H-Bridge. Included in the design is a 5Volt regulator that supplies....
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The simplest of all motor controllers (besides a straight on/off switch) is the contactor controller. I designed this contactor controller for use in my electric scooter project. It is based around three 12V relays, two 12V batteries, two switches and of....
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The happy-birthday singer is a two bit wide by n words deep programable sequencer with 4 commands: reset to start vector (00), decrease frequency (01),increase frequency (10), and pause (11). The device starts out with a 2 word vector jump at the start of....
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Any number of normally open switches may be used. Fit the mercury switches so that they close when the steering is moved or when the bike is lifted off its side-stand or pushed forward off its centre-stand. Use micro-switches to protect removable panels and....
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This circuit is operating the room illuminates. The basic component of the circuit is a IC1 (CD4017). Push buttons room are connected by normally wired to the circuit. All circuit is separately by optocoupler, which means that the circuit is immune to....
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I've seen an NE592 used as a video buffer amp at the end of a 75 ohm line. Used so that the 75 ohm line could drive all kinds of neat processing stuff without affecting the signal (that's what a buffer is after all, right?) Now National Semiconductor makes....
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About twenty five years ago, an inventor friend of mine showed me some illustrations in a college physics book. The book was one of a three volume collection of physics lectures given by the noble prize winner Richard Feynman. The book illustration was very....
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Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a technique to control analog circuits with a digital output. PWM is used in many applications, Specially to control light intensity and speed on motors. A PWM circuit makes a square wave with a variable width. The pulse width....
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Connect two 24 V / 3 W bulbs in parallel to the output and set the right frequency on PLL. Now turn on the transmitter. You should tune it on a receiver. Maybe you might stretch coils of the L1. Fix the L1 in position when the tuning voltage (on C4) is in....
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H-Bridge This circuit drives small DC motors up to about 100 watts or 5 amps or 40 volts, whichever comes first. Using bigger parts could make it more powerful. Using a real H-bridge IC makes sense for this size of motor, but hobbyists love to do it....
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With this circuit you can mix four separate audio inputs. Each input will accept high or low impedance microphones, phonograph, tape or aux signals. You can adjust the gain of each input by adjusting each respective pot. With the Stereo/Mono switch you can....
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The GainClone idea seem to have taken off in a fairly big way. There are some good reasons for this, and I found myself in the position where SWMBO (she who must be obeyed) was getting very twitchy as I added amps and speakers to `her` room (which is....
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This design is based on one published by Milan Lulic in the German magazine elektroModell. Mr. Lulic`s design is for surface mount technology (SMT) construction, whereas mine uses standard off-the-shelf components, and is therefore better suited to....