The circuit uses a thermistor and three sections of a LM3900 quad op amp IC. When the temperature drops to 36°F the LED indicator flashes about once each second. The flashing rate increases as temperature drops to 32°F when the LED remains on. Amplifier I....

A school drama needed lamps that automatically turned on and off when spot lights did the same. Lamp switching had to be wireless, durable, dependable, simple and inexpensive. With stage and spot lights off, very little light falls on the CdS photocell, so....

The LED with integrated flasher is connected in series with the base-emitter junction of transistor Tl. Thus, the l..

A pair of timer IC"s are the heart of a circuit that simulates the warbling bee-haw of a British police siren. One of the 555 timers, U2, is wired as an astable multivibrator operating at about 900 Hz. The other, Ul, operates at approximately 1 Hz. Its....

The circuit consists of eight cascaded identical cells, each ccll being a dc-controlled active phase shifter. Because the dc control is common for all shifters, the circuit is adjusted by trirtuiiing RA so that the phase difference between and Vi is zero.....

The detector uses three sections of an L144 and a DC4011 type CMOS NAND gate to make a very low power voltage monitor. If the input voltage, Vin, is above Vhigh or below Vlow, the output will be a logical high. If (and only if) the input is between the....

The timer includes an oscillator and a counter in an integrated circuit. The timing interval equals the oscillator period multiplied by the number of cycles to be counted. The oscillator frequency depends upon resistor RS and capacitor CX. The number of....

This circuit responds quickly enough to prevent damage from most overloads. C 1 "s input is connected to the output of the LT1088 servo circuit. If the LT1088 circuit"s output exceeds the threshold at Cl"s other input, C1 trips, discharging the 2-!"F....

The time circuit can provide a time delay of up to 20 minutes. The circuit is a standard relaxation oscillator with a FET current source in which resistor Rl is used to provide reverse bias on the gate-to-source of the JFET. This turns the JFET off and....

The ac line power is brought back into the circuit through Fl, a protective 5-A fuse. One side of the ac line is connected to one side of each ac outlet. The other side of the ac line is connected to each SGR or silicon-controlled rectifier. Each SCR is, in....

In my opinion that is the best buildable high power amplifier out there. Quality of sound is just remarkable. This is a real bomb proof amplifier like the best Valve amps. Power supply circuit is also shown. Now lets see why we are going to use MOSFETS.....

The super LED flasher is actually two complete LED flasher circuits on one circuit board. The first, LED flasher is made up of 1C1 and LEDs D1 and D2. IC1 is a 555 timer IC configured as an astable (free-running) multivibrator with its output on pin 3. The....

This electronic pressure gauge uses a Wheatstone bridge-type pressure sensor tb drive a 3 A digit A/D converter and a display. IC1 is a pump (quad) that interfaces the bridge sensor to the A/D converter. R16 provides zero adjustment and R6 provides....

The switcher output goes to the single vertical input of the scope, and a sync line from one of the inputs is taken to the scope's external-sync input. Frequency response of the input amplifiers is 300 kHz over the range of the gain controls. ..

A block diagram of the stereo-TV decoder is shown in A. It shows the overall relationships between the separate sections of the circuit; through show the details of each subsection. The decoder section centers around TCI, a standard 4.5-MHz audio....

The pin 3 output of the 566 can be used to provide different charge and discharge currents for Cl so that a sawtooth output is available at pin 4 and a pulse at pin 3. The pnp transistor should be well saturated to preserve good temperature stability. The....

Transistors Ql and Q2 form the two halves of a free-running multivibrator whose frequency is determined by the voltage across C8. That capacitor is charged and discharged by closing and openingBwitch Sl. Transistors Q3 and Q4 make up a VFO. The output of....

This high-performance charger quickly charges gelled lead-acid batteries, and turns off at full charge. At first, the charg..

Section Ul-a is configured as a high-gain inverting voltage amplifier that is inductively coupled to the phone line via LI. Inductor LI is a homemade unit that consists of 250 turns of fine, enamel-coated wire that is wound on an iron core. The op amp....

R2 sets the circuit"s threshold. When the light intensity at PCI"s surface is decreased, the resistance of PCI a cadmium-sulfide photo-resistor is increased. This decreases the voltage at the inverting input of the 741. When the reference voltage at the....

The unit has a separate amplifier and oscillator section allowing them to be used separately if need be. The injector is a multivibrator running at 1 kHz, with R5 andR6 dividing down the output to a suitable level («1V). The tracer is a single-stage....

A resistive voltage divider is used to establish a bias voltage for the input (Pins 2 and 3). The demodulated (multiplex) FM signal is fed to the input through a two-stage high-pass filter, both to effect capacitive coupling and to attenuate the strong....

The circuit, uses a two-transistor direct-coupled oscillator that has a frequency determined by CI, R2, and the (skin) resistance across the touch pads. Since CI and R2 are fixed values, only the skin resistance across the touch pads can vary the sound of....

Switch programmable on/off or interval timer, has three relay-switched outputs. Output one is active for the duration of time 1, output two is active for the duration of time 2, and output three is active for the duration of both one and two. Timing data is....

CMOS switches are used directly to select the entries in the audio circuits, it can introduce unacceptable levels of distortion, but if the switch is included in the feedback network of an op amp, the distortion due to the switch may be virtually eliminated.....

This simple three-phase tester, uses only a small current thyristor as a main element for testing the right or wrong succession of the three phases, and there is no need for a supplementary power supply. The basic circuit is shown in Fig. 69-4A. When....

An FM radio on a single chip requiring only a few simple peripheral components. In particular the ship requires only one simple coil and alignment is very easy. The chip includes an RF input stage, mixer, local oscillator, IF amplifier/limiter, phase....

By using the preamplifier with a short length of shielded cable and clip leads, signals that generally could not generate a readout, generate precise and stable readouts on the counter. The DPDT switch is used to bypass the circuit when amplification is....

The LM3914A bargraph LEDis used here as a voltmeter for battery testing. The circuit is powered by a 4.5-V battery and compares the battery under test with an internally derived reference, set by R1/R2/P1. Each LED of the 10 represent 10% of full scale...

This 1 channel infrared transmitter/receiver remote control is the cheapest and simplest you can find. The transmitter transmits a sequence of pulses on 36 KHz frequency carrier. The diodes are Schottky type because of their low voltage drop (only 0.2V). The....

The cyclic converter consists of a chain of identical stages, each of which detects the polarity of the input. Step V REF then subtracted from the double entry and the rest if the polarity is correct. The signal is full wave rectified and the rest of V IN -....

The purpose of the circuit is to hold the peak of the input voltage on capacitor Cl, and read the value, V0, at the output of U2. Op amps Ul and U2 are connected as voltage followers. When a signal is applied to Vj, Cl will charge to this same voltage....